Industrial Disasters and Hazards: From Causes to Consequences—A Holistic Approach to Resilience

Authors

  • Vladimir M. CvetkovićThe University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Gospodara Vučića 50, Belgrade, Serbia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-0658
  • Renate RennerSafety and Disaster Studies, Chair of Thermal Processing Technology, Department of Environmental and En-ergy Process Engineering, Montanuniversitaet, Leoben, Austria
  • Vladimir JakovljevićDepartment of Disaster Management and Environmental Security, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.10

Keywords:

hazards, disasters, resilience, industrial, definition, classification, consequences, human health, economic, environmental impact, causes, failures, human error, lessons

Abstract

Starting from accelerated industrial development, industrial disasters (chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, etc.), which fall under man-made (technological) disasters, increasingly threaten human lives, the environment, and property. Their complexity and far-reaching consequences, both at the local and global levels, require effective management of industrial risks and the disasters themselves (preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery). For these reasons, the review paper aims to provide a holistic description of the diverse causes, dynamics, and multidimensional consequences of disasters. Additionally, it highlights and explains the key factors that directly or indirectly contribute to their occurrence. Furthermore, it could be said that the paper analyzes existing strategies for managing risks from industrial disasters and systematizes recommendations for improving preventive and reactive measures in high-risk industries. On the other side, the paper utilizes a comprehensive literature review, which involves the systematic identification, review, analysis, and critical evaluation of existing scientific papers, studies, reports, and regulatory documents on industrial disasters. Besides that, it also includes a detailed analysis of well-known industrial disaster cases such as Seveso (Italy, 1976), Bhopal (India, 1984), Chernobyl (Ukraine, then USSR, 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The paper emphasizes that industrial disasters are often the result of the combined influence and interaction of technical failures, human errors, and inadequately developed safety procedures. Moreover, it can be highlighted that the design and implementation of preventive measures, such as regular maintenance of technical systems and systematic training and education of employees, are crucial for reducing the likelihood of such catastrophic events. The implications of this review paper are multifaceted and point to the following: the need to reassess current safety practices in industries; reconsider the potential for introducing innovations in preventive technical-technological solutions; examine the thorough implementation of innovative early warning systems, safety procedures, and modern equipment in facilities; improve cooperation between engineers, safety managers, and regulatory workers; reassess the need for additional updates and tightening of regulations regarding the storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials in industry; and improve the management of risks from industrial disasters.

Author Biography

Vladimir M. Cvetković, The University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Gospodara Vučića 50, Belgrade, Serbia

Assoc. Prof. (Disaster Risk Management) at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security, and has been engaged in research in the field of disaster studies for 15 years. He has published over 250 research papers and 20 scientific monographs. He is the founder of the Scientific Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management in Serbia, the International Institute for Disaster Research, and Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Disaster Risk Management.

References

Akbar, S. (2006). Industrial Safety and Accidents Prevention. Industrial Safety and Accidents Prevention. In International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (Vol. 42460, pp. 17-23).

Ale, B., Van Gulijk, C., Hanea, A., Hanea, D., Hudson, P., Lin, P.-H., & Sillem, S. (2014). Towards BBN based risk modelling of process plants. Safety Science, 69, 48-56.

Ayalp, G. G., & Metinal, Y. B. (2023). Identıfyıng the causes of archıtectural desıgn process faılures. Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, (10, 1, AAE-14-1- AAE-14-6.). AAE-14.

Bakır, H., & Merabet, A. (2023). Evaluation and Solution Suggestions for Engineering and Workmanship Failures during Design and Installation of Solar Power Plants. Energies, 16(3), 1457.

Bertazzi, P.-A. (1989). Industrial disasters and epidemiology: a review of recent experiences. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 85-100.

Bertazzi, P. A. (1991). Long-term effects of chemical disasters. Lessons and results from Seveso. Science of the Total Environment, 106(1-2), 5-20.

Carpentier, C., & Suret, J.-M. (2013). Stock Market and Deterrence Effect: A Long-Run Analysis of Major Environmental and Non-Environmental Disasters. Available at SSRN 2253272.

Carrillo, B., Da Mata, D., Emanuel, L., Lopes, D., & Sampaio, B. (2020). Avoidable environmental disasters and infant health: Evidence from a mining dam collapse in Brazil. Health economics, 29(12), 1786-1794.

Clements, B. W., & Casani, J. A. P. (2016). 8 – Chemical Hazards and Disasters. In B. W. Clements & J. A. P. Casani (Eds.), Disasters and Public Health (Second Edition) (pp. 181-218): Butterworth-Heinemann.

Cole, S. T., & Wicks, P. J. (1994). European Community research in major industrial hazards. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries, 7(2), 68-76.

Cooper, M. D. (2018). The safety culture construct: theory and practice. Safety cultures, safety models: Taking stock and moving forward, 47-61.

Coppola, D. P. (2006). Introduction to international disaster management. New York: Elsevier.

Corbet, S., Larkin, C., & McMullan, C. (2018). Chemical industry disasters and the sectoral transmission of financial market contagion. Research in International Business and Finance, 46, 490-501.

Cvetković, V. (2019). Risk Perception of Building Fires in Belgrade. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 1(1), 81-91.

Cvetković, V. (2019). Upravljanje rizicima i sistemi zaštite i spasavanja od katastrofa (Risk Management and Disaster Protection and Rescue Systems). Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravljanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.

Cvetković, V. (2022). Essential Tactics for Disaster Protection and Rescue. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.

Cvetković, V. (2024). Disaster Risk Management. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management

Cvetković, V., & Martinović, J. (2021). Upravljanje u nuklearnim katastrofama (Nuclear Disaster Management). Naučno-stručno društvo za upravljanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama, Beograd.

Cvetković, V. M. (2024a). Tactical Approaches to Protection and Rescue in Traffic Accident-Induced Disasters. Firefighting and rescue operations in the aftermath of traffic accidents involving electric vehicles. International scientific and practical conference, Collection of Papers, 87-97.

Cvetković, V. (2024b). In-Depth Analysis of Disaster (Risk) Management System in Serbia: A Critical Examination of Systemic Strengths and Weaknesses. International Scientific and Practical Conference: “International Experience in Emergency Risk Management” in Moscow, Russia, NOK International Civil Defence Organization, 30 May.

Cvetković, V. M., Renner, R., Aleksova, B., & Lukić, T. (2024). Geospatial and Temporal Patterns of Natural and Man-Made (Technological) Disasters (1900–2024): Insights from Different Socio-Economic and Demographic Perspectives. Applied Sciences, 14(18), 8129. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/18/8129

De Abreu, M. C. S., & De Andrade, R. d. J. C. (2019). Dealing with wicked problems in socio-ecological systems affected by industrial disasters: A framework for collaborative and adaptive governance. Science of the Total Environment, 694, 133700.

Demirel, H. (2021). An evaluation of human error probabilities for critical failures in auxiliary systems of marine diesel engines. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 20, 128-137.

DeMott, D. L. (2018). Managing human error, HRA as a reliability tool. In Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

El-Mougher, M. M., Abu Sharekh, D. S. A. M., Abu Ali, M. R. F., & Zuhud, D. E. A. A. M. (2023). Risk Management of Gas Stations that Urban Expansion Crept into the Gaza Strip. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 5(1), 13-27.

El-Mougher, M. M., & Mahfuth, K. (2021). Indicators of Risk Assessment and Management in Infrastructure Projects in Palestine. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 3(1), 23-40.

González-Prida, V., Parra, C., Crespo, A., Kristjanpoller, F. A., & Gunckel, P. V. (2022). Reliability engineering techniques applied to the human failure analysis process. In Cases on optimizing the asset management process (pp. 162-179): IGI Global.

Gonzalez, R. S., da Silveira Rossi, R. A., & Vieira, L. G. M. (2022). Economic and financial consequences of process accidents in Brazil: Multiple case studies. Engineering Failure Analysis, 132, 105934.

Guignet, D., Jenkins, R. R., Belke, J., & Mason, H. (2023). The property value impacts of industrial chemical accidents. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 120, 102839.

Güttinger, H., & Stumm, W. (1992). Ecotoxicology an analysis of the Rhine pollution caused by the Sandoz chemical accident, 1986. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 17(2), 127-136.

Hassall, M. (2015, 2015). Improving human control of hazards in industry.

Hofer, T., & Messerli, B. (2006). Floods in Bangladesh: history, dynamics and rethinking the role of the Himalayas. Ecology, 29, 254-283.

Hopkins, A. (2018). The use and abuse of “culture”. In Safety cultures, safety models: Taking stock and moving forward (pp. 35-45): Springer International Publishing.

Ibrahim, M. S., Fakharu’l-razi, A., & Aini, M. S. (2003). A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention and Management, 12(1), 24-32.

Kachanov, S. (2021). Methodology for Building Automated Systems for Monitoring Engineering (Load-Bearing) Structures, and Natural Hazards to Ensure Comprehensive Safety of Buildings and Constructions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM), 3(2), 1-10.

Keim, M. E. (2011). The public health impact of industrial disasters. Am J Disaster Med, 6(5), 265-274.

Krausmann, E., Renni, E., Campedel, M., & Cozzani, V. (2011). Industrial accidents triggered by earthquakes, floods and lightning: lessons learned from a database analysis. Natural Hazards, 59, 285-300.

Krejsa, P. (1997). Report on early warning for technological hazards. Retrieved from

Lewis, H. W. (1992). Technological risk: WW Norton & Company.

Lillibridge, S. R., & Brennan, R. J. (2005). Public health perspectives related to technological disasters and terrorism. Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment, 2, 1337-1350.

Mannan, S. (2005). Lees’ Loss Prevention in the Process Industries (Third Edition). : Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Markstrom, C. A., & Charley, P. H. (2003). Psychological effects of technological/human-caused environmental disasters: examination of the Navajo and uranium. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research: The Journal of the National Center, 11(1), 19-45.

McCord, G. C., Bharadwaj, P., McDougal, L., Kaushik, A., & Raj, A. (2023). Long-term health and human capital effects of in utero exposure to an industrial disaster: a spatial difference-in-differences analysis of the Bhopal gas tragedy. BMJ open, 13(6), e066733.

Mohammed, E.-M., & Maysaa, J. (2022). International experiences in sheltering the Syrian refugees in Germany and Turkey. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 4(1), 1-15.

Mori, T., Ito, R., Moriya, K., Tateishi, S., Kubo, T., Okazaki, R., . . . Mori, K. (2024). Health and productivity management initiatives to promote worker health and improve the workplace environment at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Journal of Occupational Health, 66(1), uiae004.

Ndofor, H. A., Fabian, F., & Michel, J. G. (2018). Chaos in industry environments. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 65(2), 191-203.

Parro Greco, F. (2023). The effect of accidents on labour market outcomes: Evidence from Chile.

Pasman, H. (2015). Industrial Processing Systems, Their Products and Hazards. In Risk Analysis and Control for Industrial Processes-Gas, Oil and Chemicals (pp. 1-31): Elsevier.

Paul, B. K. (2011). Environmental hazards and disasters: contexts, perspectives and management: John Wiley & Sons.

Peterson, M. J. (2009). Bhopal plant disaster appendix A: chronology. Accessed on Sept, 3, 2014.

Poortinga, W., Pidgeon, N., Capstick, S., & Aoyagi, M. (2014). Public attitudes to nuclear power and climate change in Britain Two Years after the Fukushima Accident-Synthesis Report. Uk Energy Research Centre.

Rasmussen, J. (1990). Human error and the problem of causality in the analysis of accidents. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 327(1241), 449-462.

Renn, O. (2017). Risk governance: coping with uncertainty in a complex world: Routledge.

Richardson, B. (1994). Socio-technical disasters: profile and prevalence. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 3(4), 41-69.

Said, A. M., Ahmadun, F. l. R., Kadir, R. A., & Daud, M. (2009). Inquiries into Malaysia’s socio‐technical disasters: Recommendations and lessons learnt. Disasters, 33(2), 308-328.

Samson, O. T., Michael, I. O., Akanni, A. A., Pelumi, I. P., & Avidime, A. S. (2023, 2023). A Review of Failure Analyses in Engineering: Causes, Effects and Possible Solutions.

Schmitz, P., Reniers, G., Swuste, P., & van Nunen, K. (2021). Predicting major hazard accidents in the process industry based on organizational factors: A practical, qualitative approach. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 148, 1268-1278.

Shaluf, I. M. (2007). An overview on the technological disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 380-390.

Shrivastava, P. (1994). Technological and organizational roots of industrial crises: Lessons from Exxon Valdez and Bhopal. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 45(3), 237-253.

Silei, G. (2014). Technological hazards, disasters and accidents. In The Basic Environmental History (pp. 227-253): Springer.

Silvestri, K. N., McVee, M. B., Shanahan, L. E., & English, K. (2023). A Positioning Theory Analysis of Interaction Surrounding Design Failures in an Elementary Engineering Club. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER), 13(1), 7.

Smith, D. (2000). On a wing and a prayer? Exploring the human components of technological failure. Systems Research and Behavioral Science: The Official Journal of the International Federation for Systems Research, 17(6), 543-559.

Smith, K., & Petley, D. N. (2009). Environmental hazards. Assessing risk and reducing disaster. In. London: Routledge.

Smith, K., & Ward, R. (1998). Floods: physical processes and human impacts. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Taylor, L., & Walton, P. (2020). Industrial sabotage: Motives and meanings. In Risk Management (pp. 283-310): Routledge.

UNISDR. (2009). Terminology on Disaster Risk Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. In U. N. International, S. f. D. R. (UNISDR), & S. Geneva, May 2009 (Eds.).

Vondráčková, T., Voštová, V., & Nývlt, V. (2017, 2017). The human factor as a cause of failures in building structures.

Williamson, J. A., Webb, R. K., Sellen, A., Runciman, W. B., & Van der Walt, J. H. (1993). Human failure: an analysis of 2000 incident reports. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 21(5), 678-683.

Yet-Pole, I., & Fu, J.M. (2021). Risk analysis of a cross-regional toxic chemical disaster by using the integrated mesoscale and microscale consequence analysis model. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries, 71, 104424.

Каширина, М. В., Салмина, Е. Э., & Каширина МВ, С. Е. (2020, 2020). Воздействие вредных производственных факторов на качество жизни работников в промышленной деятельности.

Мастрюков, Б. С. (2011). Безопасность в чрезвычайных ситуациях в природно-техногенной сфере.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-25

How to Cite

Cvetković, V. M., Renner, R., & Jakovljević, V. (2024). Industrial Disasters and Hazards: From Causes to Consequences—A Holistic Approach to Resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management6(2), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.10

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *