INTRODUCTION
Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković is a recognized expert in Disaster Risk Management, with extensive experience in disaster risk reduction, community preparedness, disaster response, and recovery. His work focuses on improving the safety and resilience of communities. Professor Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković has dedicated his career to advancing knowledge and understanding in the fields of disaster studies, emergency situations, and security. With a prolific output, he has authored more than 30 books, each contributing valuable insights and expertise to these critical areas of study. Through his extensive research and publications, Dr. Cvetković has become a leading authority, shaping discourse and informing policies related to disaster and crisis management both in Serbia and beyond.
His works cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to risk assessment, disaster preparedness, response strategies, and post-crisis recovery. By examining case studies, analyzing historical events, and presenting theoretical frameworks, Dr. Cvetković provides comprehensive perspectives on the complex dynamics of crises and their management. Moreover, his interdisciplinary approach incorporates insights from fields such as sociology, psychology, public health, and engineering, enriching the discourse with multifaceted viewpoints.
In addition to his scholarly contributions, Dr. Cvetković is actively engaged in practical initiatives aimed at enhancing resilience and mitigating risks in various contexts. As a member of the Scientific-Expert Society for Risk Management in Emergency Situations, based in Belgrade, he collaborates with professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders to develop effective strategies and solutions. His expertise is sought after in consultancy projects, training programs, and advisory roles, where he applies his theoretical knowledge to real-world challenges, fostering greater preparedness and response capabilities.
Furthermore, Dr. Cvetković’s impact extends beyond academia and professional circles, as he strives to raise public awareness and promote community engagement in disaster resilience. Through outreach activities, media appearances, and educational campaigns, he advocates for proactive measures and collective responsibility in building safer and more resilient societies. By bridging the gap between research, policy, and public awareness, Dr. Cvetković plays a crucial role in fostering a culture of resilience and preparedness, ultimately contributing to the well-being and security of communities in Serbia and worldwide.
- Cvetković, V., Šišović, V. (2024). Community Disaster Resilience in Serbia. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Tanasić, J., Cvetković, V. (2024). The Efficiency of Disaster and Crisis Management Policy at the Local Level: Lessons from Serbia. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Grozdanić, G., Cvetković, V. (2024). Exploring Multifaceted Factors Influencing Community Resilience to Earthquake-Induced Geohazards: Insights from Montenegro. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Nikolić, N., Cvetković, V., Ivanov, A. (2023). Human Resource Management in Environmental Security. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V. (2019). Risk Management and Disaster Protection and Rescue Systems. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Belgrade.
- Cvetković, V. (2020). Risk Management in Emergency Situations. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
Cvetković, V. (2021). Security Risks and Disasters. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management. - Cvetković, V. (2022). Tactics of Protection and Rescue in Disasters. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Disaster Resilience: A Guide to Prevention, Response, and Recovery. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V., & Čaušić, L. (2022). A Collection of Regulations in the Field of Emergency Situations. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V., Filipović, M., & Gačić, J. (2019). A Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Belgrade.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Historical Development of the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V., & Jovanović, M. (2021). Disaster Myths: Truths and Misconceptions. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V., Martinović, J. (2021). Management in Nuclear Disasters. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V., Bošković, D.,Janković, B., & Andrić, S. (2019). Risk Perception in Emergency Situations. Criminal-Police Academy, Belgrade.
- Cvetković, V. (2017). Methodology of Scientific Research in Disasters: Theories, Concepts, and Methods. Andrejević Endowment, Belgrade.
- Miladinović, S., Cvetković, V., & Milašinović, S. (2017). Crisis Management in Landslide Situations. Criminal-Police Academy, Belgrade.
- Cvetković, V., Milašinović, S., & Gostimirović, L. (2018). Historical Development of Police Education in Serbia. College of Business and Technical Studies, Doboj.
- Cvetković, V., Filipović, M. (2017). Preparedness for Natural Disasters: Recommendations for Improving Preparedness. Andrejević Endowment, Belgrade.
- Cvetković, V. (2013). Intervention and Rescue Services in Emergency Situations. Belgrade: Andrejević Endowment.
- Jakovljević, V., Cvetković, V., & Gačić, J. (2015). Natural Disasters and Education. Belgrade: Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade.
- Cvetković, V. (2016). Police and Natural Disasters. Belgrade: Andrejević Endowment.
- Cvetković, V., Gačić, J. (2016). Evacuation in Natural Disasters. Belgrade: Andrejević Endowment.
- Ivanov, A., Cvetković, V. (2016). Natural Disasters: Geospatial and Temporal Distribution. University “St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola, Faculty of Security, Skopje.
- Bošković, D., Cvetković, V. (2017). Risk Assessment in Preventing Criminal Acts with Explosive Materials. Belgrade: Criminal-Police Academy.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Preparedness of High Schools in the Western Morava Basin in the Republic of Serbia for Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. Belgrade: Fenomena.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Integrated Disaster Risk Management: Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V. (2021). Legal and Security Aspects of Disaster Risk Management from Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters. Publisher: Faculty of Law in Novi Sad and Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
In Serbian and English language:
- Cvetković, V., Šišović, V. (2024). Community Disaster Resilience in Serbia. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society For Disaster Risk Management.
- Tanasić, J., Cvetković, V. (2024). The Efficiency of Disaster and Crisis Management Policy at the Local Level: Lessons from Serbia.Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society For Disaster Risk Management.
- Grozdanić, G., Cvetković, V. (2024). Exploring Multifaceted Factors Influencing Community Resilience to Earthquake-Induced Geohazards: Insights from Montenegro. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society For Disaster Risk Management.
- Nikolić, N., Cvetković, V., Ivanov, A. (2023). Human resource management in environmental security. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
- Tanasić, J., Cvetković, V. (2024). Policy of Crisis Management in Serbia. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society For Disaster Risk Management.
- Cvetković, V. (2019). Upravlјanje rizicima i sistemi zaštite i spasavanja od katastrofa. Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama, Beograd;
- Cvetković, V. (2020). Upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama;
- Cvetković, V. (2021). Bezbednosni rizici i katastrofe. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama;
- Cvetković, V. (2022). Taktika zaštite i spasavanja u katastrofama. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Otpornost na katastrofe – Vodič za prevenciju, reagovanje i oporavak. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V., & Čaušić, L. (2022). Zbirka propisa iz oblasti vanrednih situacija. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V., Filipović, M., & Gačić, J. (2019). Zbirka propisa iz oblasti upravlјanja rizicima od katastrofa. Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama, Beograd
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Istorijski razvoj Naučno-stručnog društva za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V., & Jovanović, M. (2021). Mitovi o katastrofama: istine i zablude. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V., Martinović, J. (2021). Upravlјanje u nuklearnim katastrofama. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V., Bošković, D., Janković, B., & Andrić, S. (2019). Percepcija rizika od vanrednih situacija. Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, Beograd.
- Cvetković, V. (2017). Metodologija naučnog istraživanja katastrofa – teorije, koncepti i metode. Zadužbina Andrejević, Beograd.
- Miladinović, S., Cvetković, V., & Milašinović, S. (2017). Upravlјanje u kriznim situacijama izazvanim klizištima. Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, Beograd.
- Cvetković, V., Milašinović, S., & Gostimirović, L. (2018). Istorijski razvoj policijskog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Visoka poslovna tehnička škola, Doboj.
- Cvetković, V., Filipović, M. (2017). Pripremlјenost za prirodne katastrofe – preporuke za unapređenje pripremlјenosti. Zadužbina Andrejević, Beograd.
- Cvetković, V. (2013). Interventno-spasilačke službe u vanrednim situacijama. Beograd, Zadužbina Andrejević.
- Jakovlјević, V., Cvetković, V., & Gačić, J. (2015). Prirodne katastrofe i obrazovanje. Beograd: Fakultet bezbednosti, Univerzitet u Beogradu.
- Cvetković, V. (2016). Policija i prirodne katastrofe. Beograd (Instant system): Zadužbina Andrejević.
- Cvetković, V., Gačić, J. (2016). Evakuacija u prirodnim katastrofama. Beograd: Zadužbina Andrejević, 2016.
- Ivanov, A., Cvetković, V. (2016). Prirodni katastrofi – geoprostorna i vremenska distribucija. Univerzitet „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“- Bitola, Fakultet za bezbednost, Skopje.
- Bošković, D., Cvetković, V. (2017). Procena rizika u sprečavanju izvršenja krivičnih dela eksplozivnim materijama. Beograd: Kriminalističko-policijska akademija.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Spremnost srednjih škola Sliva Zapadne Morave u Republici Srbiji za smanjenje rizika od katastrofa i upravlјanje u vanrednim situacijama. Beograd: Fenomena.
- Cvetković, V. (2023). Integrisano upravlјanje rizicima od katastrofa: pripremlјenost, ublažavanje, odgovor i oporavak. Beograd: Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
- Cvetković, V. (2021). Pravni i bezbednosni aspekti upravlјanja rizicima od prirodnih i antropogenih katastrofa. Izdavač: Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu i Naučno-stručno društvo za upravlјanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama.
Textbooks
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
The first chapter of the textbook presents the conceptual foundations and characteristics of disaster risk management as a teaching and scientific discipline. The roots of the origin and the conditions of development of this relatively young scientific discipline in our region, which was actualized and stemmed from civil protection, are explained. Special attention is paid to describing the subject of the scientific discipline and its demarcation from other, related disciplines. At the same time, the areas of scientific knowledge that are important for the management of disaster risks are described in particular: the etiology of endangering people's safety by the risks of disasters caused by natural or anthropogenic factors; methodological issues in the field of disasters; phenomenology of disasters and hazards; vulnerability and resilience to disasters; integrated disaster risk management; disaster risk prevention and mitigation; disaster risk preparedness; disaster risk response; disaster recovery; information systems and disaster risk management; international cooperation in disaster risk reduction and disaster risk reduction legal frameworks. After a thorough consideration of the subject of the scientific discipline, an overview of the nature and characteristics of the theoretical evolution of scientific research methods in the field of disasters is given. It points out certain specificities and key characteristics of the circumstances that contributed to further specialization and improvement of methodological frameworks of numerous and decades-long research. Furthermore, a deeper review of the quantitative and qualitative research tradition in the field of disasters is given here. Guided by the importance of the scientific discipline, the heuristic approach and future research on disasters, which are increasingly current and developed, are elaborated. The current challenges and opportunities for the development of the scientific discipline are comprehensively reviewed and described. It is especially emphasized that social units have never been protected from various manifestations of natural or technical-technological risks. Bearing in mind that the textbook will be used by students of master's and doctoral academic studies, as well as other interested scientists or researchers, the most important theoretical frameworks of disaster studies have been interpreted through careful selection, in short but sufficient outlines for general familiarization with: theories of preparedness, vulnerability, resilience, complex systems, planned behavior, urgent norms, decision-making, symbolic interactionism, etc. At the end of the chapter, the paradigms that crystallized in disaster research and that represent some of the basic assumptions or rules for understanding the reality of the multidimensional nature of disasters are critically reviewed. In the second chapter of the textbook, the evolution and the most significant directions of the theoretical determination of hazards and disasters are considered, that were conditioned by different scientific disciplines, academic or practical considerations and the very social environments in which they arose. Different periods of occurrence and theoretical determination of disasters are also considered: classical approaches, perception of hazard as the cause of disasters and original studies of disasters. In addition, special attention is paid to describing the nature and characteristics of hazards which, regardless of their origin (nature, technical-technological or social sphere), differ in intensity, i.e. in the strength, power or strength of the force they possess. The international and generally recognized scales used to determine the intensity of a hazard are also discussed in detail: a) Richter and Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity; b) volcano explosiveness index; c) Beaufort wind scale; d) Saffir-Simpson intensity scale; e) tsunami monitoring; f) European scale of the intensity of avalanche danger; g) Palmer drought severity index and h) international intensity scale of nuclear events. In the following text, disasters caused by natural hazards are systematically and comprehensively defined, classified and described (lithospheric disasters - earthquakes, landslides and rockfalls, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis; hydrospheric disasters - floods and torrents and avalanches; atmospheric disasters - storms, droughts and extremely low and high temperatures; biospheric disasters - epidemics, epizootics, epiphytonosis and forest fires), then disasters caused by technical-technological hazards (nuclear, radiological, industrial and transport or traffic disasters), then disasters caused by hazardous substances, war destruction and fires, as well as disasters caused by terrorist attacks (chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological terrorism and terrorist attacks caused by the use of explosives of high destructive power). Bearing in mind the importance of understanding and assessing the damage caused by disasters, a wide range of consequences, which are often difficult to monitor and precisely measure - health, physical, ecological, economic and psychological consequences of disasters for people and their material goods are described in detail. Then, the basic geospatial and temporal distributions of disasters at the world geospatial level and at the national level are pointed out. Without neglecting the importance of ethical issues in the area of disasters, it simply and interestingly points out numerous ethical dilemmas and procedures in disaster risk management. Finally, in keeping with the reputation they enjoy, an overview of the basic models in the field of disaster studies is given: the Pressure and Release (PAR) model, the Incident Command System (ICS) model, the Catastrophe M0deling (CAT) and the Disaster Model. In the third chapter of the textbook, the conceptual assumptions and frameworks of the concept of vulnerability to disasters, which have been formulated and developed within the auspices of social sciences, are considered. The multidimensional nature of vulnerability is analyzed and interpreted, with special reference to its dependence on scale and location. Special attention is paid to defining vulnerability, which is conceptualized in different ways and defies simple interpretation, standardization and understanding. In doing so, the most important components of resilience are emphasized, such as sensitivity, risk, elasticity and resilience. An overview of the most important scientific and professional definitions is given, with special reference to the international and national legal framework of definitions. In the part related to different perspectives and dimensions of vulnerability, it is stated that there are different ways of categorizing established approaches to vulnerability, such as vulnerability to hazards, vulnerability as a condition and vulnerability as a community component. In addition, the basic characteristics of classical approaches in understanding the conceptual bases of vulnerability are elaborated, such as the risk-hazard approach, the political-economic approach, the pressure and release approach, the integrated approach and the resilience approach. In the following text, various perspectives of vulnerability are discussed in detail, such as individual and household vulnerability, physical, economic, ecological, political and social vulnerability, as well as the vulnerability of critical infrastructure. Then the methods and conceptual bases of vulnerability measurement are described and vulnerability indicators are explained in particular. The importance of vulnerability indicators is emphasized especially, since they reflect the assessment of the capacity, that is, the ability of people and communities to withstand, face or recover from sudden impacts of disasters. They also contribute, on the one hand, to the assessment of the resources available to the local community that are important for surviving such events, and on the other hand, to the assessment of people's resilience, in terms of whether that resilience is growing, stagnating or declining. The fourth chapter of the textbook describes in detail the theoretical evolution of the concept of resilience and its multidimensional nature. It is emphasized that it represents a kind of metaphor, which comes from physical and mathematical sciences. Observed from a historical perspective, it is noted that the concept of resilience was used when describing the ability of materials or systems to return to equilibrium after the action of physical influences originating from nature or the anthropogenic sphere. The second section describes research efforts towards a better understanding of resilience in different spheres and perspectives: resilience as a biophysical attribute; resilience as a social attribute; resilience of the social-ecological system and resilience as an attribute of a certain area. In particular, dimensions of disaster resilience are described and discussed, such as citizen resilience, household and local community resilience, engineering resilience, institutional and environmental resilience, and resilience of an organisation. The following text states that individual resistance to disasters depends on numerous internal and external factors, describing the most relevant ones: physical, physiological, anatomical and psychological, as well as characteristics that make people more or less resistant to certain disasters. Various aspects of household resilience are being considered – for example, the ability to mitigate hazards and implement recovery activities that will minimize social disruption and mitigate future impacts from disasters. Then engineering resilience is being considered, which is a key to creating resilient communities that, instead of cracking, are resilient and able to bend and bounce back. In the framework of institutional resilience, a model is described that identifies four key sets of networked resources on which the level of resilience depends: 1) information and communications; 2) economic development; 3) social capital and 4) community competence. Finally, the resilience of organizations is discussed, which is considered as a two-component structure, made up of inherent and adaptive factors. In the third section, resilience is analyzed and measured. It is emphasized that in the literature various dimensions to assess disaster resilience are used. They are related to different systems – physical, human and social. Special attention is paid to describing global and local indicators of disaster resilience. Within the framework of global indicators, the disaster risk index and maps of global disaster hotspots are considered. It then details local indicators of disaster resilience, such as the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Characteristics of a Disaster- Resilient Community (CDRC), the City Resilience Index (CRF), the Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART), the Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities (FRMC), Socio-economic Resilience (SER) and disaster Risk Reduction Index (RRI). In the following text, the issues of improving resilience to disasters are discussed, which require a wide range of various activities in order to improve the ability and capacity of society to react appropriately and to recover as soon as possible from the consequences of disasters. Finally, the components of resilience are considered, the consideration of which provides a complete picture of the very concept of resilience. In the fifth chapter of the textbook, the essential issues of integrated disaster risk management are discussed. First, the theoretical definition of risk is reviewed and explained, which implies that risk can be managed by influencing the probability or consequences of a disaster. It highlights the most important issues related to disaster risk – what can go wrong, how likely it is to happen, and what the consequences are if it does. In the second part of the chapter, the characteristics of disaster risk management are discussed, emphasizing that it involves a set of measures and activities carried out, aimed to implement the disaster risk reduction policy. Next, the difference between traditional and modern disaster risk management is described, which is reflected in the different mode of operation, organizational structure, nature of information, management goals and criteria. In addition, integrated disaster management cycles such as mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery are discussed in detail. The three most important phases in management are explained in particular - before, during and after disasters. The fifth part explains in detail the disaster risk management process, which includes identifying the context, identifying and profiling hazards, assessing hazard risks, sorting hazards, and creating matrices. Then, disaster risk management indicators are described, such as the disaster deficit index, the local disaster index, the widespread vulnerability index, and the disaster risk management index. Special attention is paid to disaster risk assessment models as basic tools of disaster risk managers in making key decisions in different stages of risk management. Dynamic and deterministic models, probabilistic models, HAZUS MH model and disaster risk index are considered. Bearing in mind the importance of visual representation of risks, risk maps and risk register creation procedures are described. The most important part of this chapter refers to the methodology of disaster risk assessment, so the general and special part of disaster risk assessment are explained in detail. Finally, the characteristics of informing the public about the risks of disasters, that is, the information process and the tools used for that purpose, are analyzed. In the sixth chapter of the textbook, the basic conceptual assumptions of disaster risk mitigation (prevention) are discussed as one of the most important phases of integrated management. At the same time, the transformation of sudden "hits" into disasters depends on the nature of the response, measures to mitigate the consequences and preparedness for such extreme events. The second part of this chapter describes and analyzes in detail the most important disaster risk mitigation strategies and measures. The following measures are described within the framework of structural disaster risk mitigation: planned land use; relocation; physical and structural modifications; resistant structures and building codes; the role of insurance in disaster risk reduction; design and implementation of technological measures; systems for monitoring, warning, notification and alerting; construction of shelters; construction of barriers and retention system. In addition to structural measures for risk mitigation, the importance and characteristics of non-structural measures are explained in detail, such as: normative measures; individual and social awareness and education; non-structural physical modifications; behavioral changes. The third part discusses disaster risk mitigation functions aimed at reducing the probability of natural or technical-technological disasters, as well as reducing existing or mitigating future consequences of such events. The reduction of risk probabilities and consequences, risk avoidance, risk transfer and risk acceptance are especially considered. The fourth part analyzes and describes the particular measures to mitigate the risk of disasters caused by natural hazards (lithospheric, hydrospheric, atmospheric and biospheric disasters), as well as measures to mitigate the risk of disasters caused by technical-technological hazards. Finally, the role of social networks in disaster risk reduction is discussed. In the seventh chapter of the textbook, preparedness for disasters is discussed, which includes designing, planning, implementing and testing measures to reduce the level of natural and technical-technological hazards. Special attention is paid to the consideration of various demographic, socioeconomic and psychological factors that influence the increase or decrease in the level of preparedness for response. The following text discusses different types of preparedness for disasters, such as individual preparedness and preparedness of households, local communities and countries for disasters. When talking about individual preparedness, all questions related to the measures that citizens must take, as well as questions about ways of familiarizing themselves with natural and technical-technological hazards at the local and state level, are considered. Various aspects of the importance of preparedness in the context of national and international legislation are also described. Special attention is paid to the preparedness of households as the basic social unit, and the measures and activities they should undertake are explained. In that part, interesting theoretical questions are discussed in the context of various factors that influence the level of preparedness of the local community and the state. The third part analyzes all relevant issues in the context of education and training as key factors for improving the resilience of people and their social units. Although education has previously somewhat ignored the relevance of teaching topics related to disasters, today these topics are becoming increasingly important. Apart from formal education, special attention is paid to the role of the family and the transfer of knowledge and experiences within the local community. The contribution of scientific research organizations to disaster risk reduction is also explained. In addition, disaster education using multimedia content, such as board games, computer simulations and video games, educational videos and brochures, is being considered. Various aspects of planned and systematic behavior change through learning, programs and instructions are described, which enable individuals to reach the necessary level of knowledge, skills and competence for efficient performance of their jobs. Based on the invaluable importance of considering the impact of various factors, the impact of demographic, socioeconomic and psychological factors on the improvement of preparedness for disasters is analyzed in detail. In the fifth part of this chapter, various preparedness measures for the risks of disasters caused by natural and technical-technological hazards are analyzed and reviewed. Preparedness measures for the risks of lithospheric and hydrospheric disasters, disasters caused by storms and extreme temperatures, epidemics, epiphytonoses and epizoonoses, and forest fires are discussed. Then, preparedness measures for the risks of disasters caused by fires, industrial and transport disasters, hazardous materials, war destruction and terrorist attacks, nuclear and radiation hazards are considered. Finally, all relevant issues related to disaster planning are reviewed, with special reference to the concept and characteristics of plans, disaster risk reduction plans, and protection and rescue plans. The most important issues in the context of equipment and supplies necessary for a timely and effective response were not neglected. In the eighth chapter of the textbook, response activities to disaster risks are considered, which implies the implementation of activities foreseen in the protection and rescue plans. In the first part, the conceptual determination of response to disaster risks is analyzed and its specific functions are explained. Bearing in mind the importance of planning activities, the second part of the chapter describes planning and some specific measures for responding to disaster risks: warning and evacuation; search and rescue; provision of first aid and assessment of damages and losses. In the third part, the perspectives of the organization and competences of intervention-rescue services in the conditions of disasters are considered. Special attention is paid to describing the place and role of intervention and rescue services, such as the police, army, emergency medical service and headquarters. In addition, the work organization and tactics of the units at the strategic, tactical and operational level of response are considered. In the fourth part, starting from the specifics and characteristics of various disasters, the ways of responding to specific disasters are considered. After its manifestation, many people who are not part of certain formal organizations come to the area affected by the disaster to provide help. Therefore, the fifth part is devoted to various aspects of volunteering in disaster conditions, with special reference to the challenges and limitations in the provision of assistance, such as social apathy, information and communication flows, population diversity and cultural patterns, internal organizational challenges, lack of staff and their training and low level of responsibility. Finally, the most important issues of media coverage of disasters are analyzed. In the ninth chapter of the textbook, which refers to disaster recovery, measures and activities undertaken by citizens, households, local communities and the state are discussed with the aim of eliminating all direct and indirect consequences of disasters for people and their material and other goods. The first part considers the conceptual definition of disaster recovery and describes the objectives of the recovery measures, which are aimed at returning systems and activities in the threatened territory to a normal state as soon as possible. After that, the second part describes the stages of disaster recovery, with special reference to assistance, renewal and reconstruction, but also restoration, rehabilitation and redevelopment. The third part discusses in detail the basic dimensions and challenges of disaster recovery. In addition, environmental recovery and socio-psychological recovery, restoration of services after disasters, recovery of critical infrastructure are analyzed and described, and disaster recovery planning procedures are explained, with special reference to short-term and long-term recovery planning and a detailed description of the principles of disaster recovery planning. The tenth chapter of the textbook discusses the use of various information systems, services and databases that facilitate disaster risk management. The goals, principles and infrastructure that are important for the functioning of information systems for disaster risk management are described. The first part explains the basic characteristics and importance of disaster risk databases, as well as various applications used to coordinate activities to mitigate the consequences of disasters. Special attention is paid to the Sahana software, which was created with the goal of saving lives by enabling organizations and local communities to better prepare for and respond to disasters. Relevant issues on the international disaster database EM-DATA, the Global Disaster Risk Platform (GHA) and the Global Hazard Atlas (GHA) are discussed. In the further text, the disaster information systems (DesInvenar) and the information platform for disaster risk reduction PreventionWeb are discussed. In addition, the interactive, electronic, geographic information database for the territory of the Republic of Serbia - the landslide risk register, as well as the no less important disaster risk register - is explained in detail. In addition, a special disaster risk management service called Copernicus (Copernicus Emergency Management Service - CEMS) is being considered, which provides necessary information in all phases of disaster management (preparation, response and recovery), including meteorological, geophysical and technical-technological hazards. In addition, an improved information system for fires is described, which enables easier prediction, detection, planning and recovery from forest fires. It further describes the key features and capabilities of satellite remote sensing for disaster risk reduction, geographic information system, smart disaster response system, global fire monitoring center and disaster loss assessment program. The textbook is intended for students of basic and master's academic studies at the Faculty of Security at the University of Belgrade and at the Criminalistics and Police University, but also for a wider, professional readership (members of emergency and rescue services, etc.) who are increasingly realizing the necessity of a more detailed understanding of a multidisciplinary approach to identification, analysis and disaster risk management. The content of the textbook is aligned with the curriculum of the subject Risk Management in Emergency Situations, which is studied in the third year of basic academic studies at the Faculty of Security. When writing the textbook, particular care was taken to meet the standards related to scientific-professional and pedagogical-didactic requirements, which is why the extensive scientific-professional material of all relevant foreign and domestic authors was used. In addition, in writing the textbook, the author used a veritable trove of his scientific and professional works, which were scientifically verified by numerous international and domestic reviewers. In addition, most of the results of the research that I conducted in the country and abroad were incorporated into the textbook with the aim of enriching it with scientifically verified facts. Invaluable experience in working with students made it possible to free the text from additional scientific thinking that would make it difficult to acquire basic knowledge in the field of disaster risk management. The first edition of the textbook also has certain limitations as a consequence of the insufficient theoretical development of the scientific discipline and has yet to contribute to the creation of the conditions for theory building. I would especially emphasize that the textbook represents the first such reading published in the Serbian language in our region. This publication will significantly improve the knowledge and professional competences of the wider professional public.
Essential tactics for disaster protection and rescue
The book "Essential Tactics for Disaster Protection and Rescue" represents a pioneering, original, and comprehensive work that systematically and very simply describes the operational, tactical, and strategic aspects of designing, implementing, and applying measures for protection and rescue in various disasters caused by natural (earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, floods, storms, tsunamis, forest fires, epidemics, epiphytotics, epizootics, volcanic eruptions, droughts, extreme snowfall, blizzards, etc.) and technological hazards (nuclear and radiological, transportation and industrial hazards, hazardous materials, war destruction, and terrorist attacks). The textbook on tactics of disaster protection and rescue is primarily intended for students of undergraduate, master's, and doctoral studies at the Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, and the Criminalistic-Police University, but also for the wider scientific and professional community interested in the most contemporary solutions, methods, and principles for protecting people and property in disasters caused by natural and technological hazards. The author has endeavored to ensure that the content of the textbook is in line with the curriculum and program of the subject "Protection from Natural and Technological Disasters," which is studied in the fourth year of undergraduate academic studies at the Faculty of Security. For these reasons, the author has made serious efforts to align the textbook standards with basic scientific and professional, pedagogical, and didactic, methodological requirements and standards. Unfortunately, in our region, there was no textbook based on which a comprehensive picture could be seen and basic information could be obtained about tactical procedures and recommendations for action in various disasters. In domestic scientific literature, the area of tactics for protecting and rescuing people in disasters is insufficiently researched, comprehensive, and systematic, and especially not content-structured in one comprehensive textbook. Scientists from various fields and spheres of interest have sporadically approached this subject of study in various scientific disciplines. However, the uniqueness of this book lies in the author's serious efforts to comprehensively supplement the modest and insufficiently grounded body of scientific knowledge about the diversity of tactical approaches in phenomenologically and etiologically different disasters that threaten individuals and society. The book before you is fully aligned with the specific approaches that the author employs in discussing the issues of tactics for protecting and rescuing people in disasters. The author presents numerous examples from practice upon which he bases his elaborations regarding the recommended and correct actions of all members of the competent services in disasters. Additionally, the author constructs theoretical principles, concepts, and suggestions based on his rich personal scientific research experience and works, which he extensively utilized in writing the textbook. The book synthesizes the results of numerous own scientific research published in the last decade, which represent a rich theoretical and empirical data repository created in the last decade of his scientific research work. The quality of the textbook is reflected in aligning the text with the most contemporary theoretical achievements and funds of theoretical and empirical knowledge in the field of protection and rescue of people in disasters in the Russian Federation, the United States, China, Germany, and other countries. During the work on the book, the author faced numerous challenges and obstacles that he had to overcome in order for the book to gain its scientific and pragmatic value. Selecting the most significant tactical solutions in different national systems for protection and rescue in disasters was a real challenge. It required a lot of thought in adapting tactical recommendations to socio-economic and other circumstances in Serbia. Adapting the rich scientific and professional terminology from different language areas and socio-political and socio-economic ambitions, especially in the context of tactics for protection and rescue in disasters, necessitated proposing new terms applicable to the Serbian language area. Translations of many specialist terms from the field of disaster studies are not uniquely established, neither in theory nor in practice. The aspiration towards universal terms, especially in joint operations to prevent the occurrence or spread of the consequences of disasters, simply imposes itself as a kind of imperative. The conceptual creation, organization, and the text of the textbook were accompanied by serious challenges already mentioned, and it was difficult to meet all the demands that arose during the writing process. Limitations regarding the number of pages, as well as requirements for meeting scientific and professional needs, laying the groundwork for further progress and development of the theoretical and empirical fund of scientific knowledge, and various perspectives of numerous scientific disciplines, influenced the quality, organization, and comprehensiveness of the book. For these reasons, the author believes that all suggestions, critiques, debates, observations, and comments will be of great importance for improving the textbook text in subsequent editions that will mature with the development of the scientific discipline of tactics for protection and rescue in disasters. Table of Contents The book is organized and systematized into several chapters, such as: I – Introduction to Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue; II – Measures of Disaster Protection and Rescue; III – Management of Measures for Disaster Protection and Rescue; IV – Role and Tasks of Intervention-Rescue Services in Disasters; V – Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue caused by Lithospheric Hazards; VI – Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue caused by Hydrospheric Hazards; VII – Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue caused by Atmospheric Hazards; VIII – Tactics of Disaster Protection caused by Biospheric Hazards; IX – Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue caused by Technological Hazards; X – Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue caused by Terrorist Attacks; XI – Tactics of Disaster Protection and Rescue caused by Major Fires. In an interesting and informative manner, the organization of measures for protection and rescue in disasters caused by natural and technological hazards is described. The content organization is done according to the importance and needs of future disaster risk managers, as well as others who will directly or indirectly participate in protection and rescue activities in disasters. In the first chapter of the textbook, the conceptual definition of tactics for protection and rescue in disasters is discussed, with a special focus on the theoretical evolution of its content and scope. The subject of tactics for protection and rescue in disasters is thoroughly examined, emphasizing its main etiological and phenomenological dimensions. In addition, the challenges and possibilities of developing tactics for protection and rescue in disasters are discussed, particularly emphasizing its connection with the development of disaster studies in the broadest sense. It is emphasized that despite the rich treasury of scientific knowledge about the causes and consequences of natural hazards, they continue to cause disasters, especially in developing countries. The sources of data on tactics for protection and rescue in disasters obtained through collection and analysis from various existing and generated databases are described. It is emphasized that various research organizations have a large number of databases containing direct or indirect sources on tactics for protection and rescue. Finally, an overview of the main data sources is provided, along with a description of their characteristics and significance for theory development. In the second chapter of the textbook, the conceptual definition of measures for protection and rescue in disasters is discussed, and the historical aspects of the development of such measures from the period after World War II to the present day are examined. Different periods of the emergence and application of measures for protection and rescue in practice are explained. Various types of measures for protection and rescue in disasters are elaborated on systematically and comprehensively: early warning systems, citizen notification and alerting, evacuation, search and rescue measures, terrain sanitation, organization of burials, disaster risk insurance, mobilization and protection of critical infrastructure from disasters. Within the section on the evacuation of people in disasters, the organization of evacuation implementation and the planning process for the implementation of evacuation measures are explained. In the context of terrain sanitation, special attention is given to the organization of burials after a disaster. Finally, an overview of the basic characteristics of natural and technological hazards as causes of disasters is provided. In the third chapter of the textbook, the conceptual foundations of managing measures for disaster protection and rescue are presented. Characteristics and specifics of the organization of managing measures for protection and rescue at different levels—strategic, tactical, and operational—are examined. Within the tactical level, the responsibilities and procedures of command centers for managing measures for protection and rescue are discussed. Then, within the operational level of managing measures for protection and rescue, the responsibilities of intervention leaders, risk assessment, area management and control, information and resource management, and post-disaster reporting are elaborated upon in detail. Special attention is given to the logistical aspects of supporting the management of measures for protection and rescue. Tasks and activities of various departments important for logistical support are considered: planning department, material supply department, operations department, administrative-legal affairs and finance department, as well as the role of information systems in the disaster protection process. Starting from the necessity of understanding different disaster protection and rescue systems, an overview of the characteristics of the organization and functioning of such systems in Russia, the United States, Serbia, Germany, and China is provided. Without neglecting the significant importance of various aspects of planning measures for protection and rescue, different dimensions of past disasters are examined to draw all lessons and improve the disaster protection and rescue systems to prevent such consequences from recurring. In the fourth chapter of the textbook, a comprehensive, logical, and systematic examination of the various roles and tasks of intervention-rescue services in disasters, such as the police, fire and rescue units, emergency medical services, military, civil defence units, and other subjects of disaster risk reduction systems, is provided. Special attention is given to considering all direct and indirect measures taken to protect the personnel of intervention-rescue services during the implementation of activities within their jurisdiction. In addition, the equipment that members of these services can use to prevent or mitigate the consequences of natural or technological hazards is described in detail. Without neglecting the importance of specific training, various activities and methods of training members of the mentioned services are described. Taking into account the importance of communication functioning in disasters, the author describes the functioning of various communication networks in disasters. Finally, an overview of various procedures for implementing decontamination and terrain sanitation operations is provided. Activities of emergency and mass decontamination are discussed in the context of various disasters. From the fifth to the tenth chapter of the textbook, an overview of the most significant tactical principles and recommendations regarding protection and rescue, or the implementation of specific operational, tactical, and technical measures and actions in various disasters caused by natural and technological hazards, is provided. Tactical principles of protecting and rescuing people in different mentioned hazards are described and analyzed in detail. Moreover, special attention is paid to the conceptual definition and characteristics of such hazards relevant to protection and rescue. In addition, the organization and specific protection measures in disasters are reviewed, described, and studied. The organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions is comprehensively and in detail described and explained. Consequently, for each of the mentioned hazards, the characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization and protection measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities, are examined. Gratitude During several years of work on creating a substantial theoretical and empirical foundation of scientific knowledge in the field of disaster studies, especially in the areas of disaster risk management and tactics for disaster protection and rescue, numerous professors, experts, and practitioners in the field of disasters have inspired me. Professors from the Criminalistic-Police University, the Faculty of Security, the Faculty of Geography, the Faculty of Forestry, and the Faculty of Law in Novi Sad have encouraged me, provided new ideas, strength, and support during turbulent periods of my career. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the following professors whose words have strengthened me, guided me, and provided me with support, always being there to listen, advise, and assist in every situation: Prof. Dr. Goran Milošević, Prof. Dr. Dragan Mlađan, Prof. Dr. Vladimir Jakovljević, Prof. Dr. Boban Milojković, Prof. Dr. Slavoljub Dragićević, Prof. Dr. Srđan Milašinović, Prof. Dr. Tatjana Bugarski, Prof. Dr. Stanimir Kostadinov, Prof. Dr. Želimir Kešetović, Prof. Dr. Zoran Keković, Prof. Dr. Bojan Janković, Prof. Dr. Jasmina Gačić, Prof. Dr. Hatidža Beriša, and Prof. Dr. Neda Nikolić. Additionally, I would like to extend special thanks to the members of the Scientific-Professional Society for Risk Management in Emergencies and the International Institute for Disaster Research for their selfless support and assistance: Jovana Martinović, Nemanji Miljković, Sofija Radojković, Nemanji Danković, Milici Vlajković, Vanji Šišović, Milici Stefanović, Tamari Mančić, Zoranu Planojeviću, Jeleni Planić, Tamari Ivković, Marku Nikoliću, Darku Protiću, Vladimiru Aksentijeviću, Milošu Ivoviću, Milošu Veličkoviću, to my family, to my mother Slavica Cvetković, and to my brother Aleksandar Cvetković, as well as to others whom I would not explicitly mention here. Sincere and selfless gratitude is owed to my students at the Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, and the Criminalistic-Police University, who during the teaching process provided me with motivation and support to invest years of effort and write the textbook in front of you. Special thanks for great support on the road to success are also owed to the Secretary of the Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, Nevena Nastić. In the process of reviewing, professional comments, suggestions, and proposals have been of immeasurable help in giving this work its unique and authentic character, characterized by specific organizational aspects and content. In that sense, I received great support from Prof. Dr. Vladimir Jakovljević from the Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, Prof. Dr. Bojan Janković from the Criminalistic-Police University, Prof. Dr. Slavoljub Dragićević from the Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Prof. Dr. Srđan Milašinović from the Criminalistic-Police University, and Prof. Dr. Hatidža Beriša from the University of Defense, Military Academy. The author also expresses immense support to the Scientific-Professional Society for Risk Management in Emergencies and the International Institute for Disaster Research, without whose comprehensive scientific, logistical, and financial support this book would not have seen the light of day. At this moment, I would also like to express great gratitude to God's power and prayers that selflessly guided me on the path to success in creative activities. Chapter One of the textbook examines the conceptual definition of tactics for disaster protection and rescue, with a special focus on the theoretical evolution of its content and scope. It thoroughly discusses the subject of tactics for disaster protection and rescue, highlighting its main etiological and phenomenological dimensions. Additionally, it explains the challenges and opportunities in the development of tactics for disaster protection and rescue, emphasizing their connection with the broader field of disaster studies. Despite the wealth of scientific knowledge on the causes and consequences of natural hazards, disasters continue to occur, especially in developing countries. The chapter describes the sources of data on tactics for disaster protection and rescue obtained through collection and analysis from various existing and generated databases. It emphasizes the existence of different research organizations with numerous databases containing direct or indirect sources on disaster protection and rescue tactics. Finally, an overview of the main data sources on tactics for disaster protection and rescue is provided, including descriptions of their characteristics and significance for theory development.The second chapter of the textbook delves into the conceptual definition of measures for disaster protection and rescue operations, exploring historical aspects of the development of such measures from the period following World War II to the present day. It particularly elucidates various periods in the emergence and application of disaster protection and rescue measures in practice. Various types of disaster protection and rescue measures are systematically and comprehensively elaborated upon, including early warning systems, citizen notification and alerting, evacuation, search and rescue measures, terrain sanitation, organization of burials, disaster risk management, mobilization, and protection of critical infrastructure. Within the section addressing the evacuation of individuals in disasters, methods for organizing and implementing evacuations and the planning process for evacuation implementation are explained. Special attention is devoted to the organization of burials following disasters within the context of terrain sanitation. Finally, an overview of the basic characteristics of natural and technical-technological hazards as causes of disasters is provided. In the third chapter of the textbook, conceptual foundations of disaster management measures are presented. The characteristics and specificities of organizing disaster management measures at different levels—strategic, tactical, and operational—are examined. Within the tactical level, the responsibilities and procedures of disaster management headquarters are scrutinized. Then, within the operational level of disaster management measures, the responsibilities of intervention managers, assessment of operational safety, area management and control, information and resource management, and post-disaster reporting are elaborated in detail. Special attention is given to logistical aspects of supporting disaster management measures. Tasks and activities of various departments crucial for logistical support are discussed: planning department, material supply department, operations department, administrative-legal affairs and finance department, as well as the role of information systems in the disaster protection process. Recognizing the necessity of understanding different disaster protection and management systems, an overview of the organization and functioning of such systems in Russia, the United States, Serbia, Germany, and China is provided. Without neglecting the significant importance of various aspects of planning disaster management measures, different dimensions of past disasters are examined to draw lessons and enhance disaster management systems to prevent such consequences from reoccurring.In the fourth chapter of the textbook, various roles and tasks of emergency-rescue services (police, fire and rescue units, emergency medical services, military, civil protection units) in the process of preventing or mitigating disasters are comprehensively, logically, and systematically examined. Special attention is given to considering all direct and indirect protective and rescue measures taken to protect the personnel of emergency-rescue services during their activities within their jurisdiction. Additionally, the equipment that members of these services can use to prevent or mitigate the consequences of natural or technological hazards is described in detail. Without neglecting the importance of specific training, various activities and training methods for members of these services are outlined. Taking into account the importance of communication functioning during disasters, the author describes the functioning of various communication networks during disasters. Finally, an overview of various procedures for implementing decontamination and terrain sanitation operations is provided. Activities for emergency and mass decontamination are discussed in the context of different disasters.In the fifth chapter of the textbook, an overview of the most significant tactical principles and recommendations regarding protection and rescue, i.e., taking concrete operational, tactical, and technical measures and actions in disasters caused by lithospheric hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions is provided. Within this chapter, tactical principles for the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by lithospheric hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions are examined. Special attention is paid to conceptual definitions and characteristics of such hazards significant for protection and rescue. The organization and specific protective measures in such disasters are reviewed, formulated, and studied. Additionally, the organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions is elaborated and described. Therefore, for each of the mentioned hazards, the characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization and protective measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities, are examined.In the fifth chapter of the textbook, an overview of the most significant tactical principles and recommendations regarding protection and rescue in disasters caused by hydrospheric hazards is provided. Within this chapter, tactical principles for the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by hydrospheric hazards such as floods, flash floods, and avalanches are examined. Special attention is given to conceptual definitions and characteristics of such hazards relevant to protection and rescue efforts. The organization and specific measures of protection in such disasters are reviewed, formulated, and studied. Additionally, the organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by floods, flash floods, and avalanches is clarified and described. Similar to the previous chapter, characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization and protective measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities are examined for each of the mentioned hazards.Chapter seven of the textbook provides an overview of the most significant tactical principles and recommendations regarding protection and rescue, i.e., undertaking specific operational-tactical and technical measures and actions in disasters caused by atmospheric hazards. Within this chapter, tactical principles for the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by storms, droughts, and snowfall are examined. Additionally, special attention is given to the conceptual definition and characteristics of such hazards relevant to protection and rescue. Furthermore, the organization and specific protective measures in such disasters are reviewed, formulated, and studied. Additionally, the organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by storms, droughts, and snowfall is clarified and described. As in the previous chapter, for each of the mentioned hazards, the characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization, and protective measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities, are considered.In the seventh chapter of the textbook, tactical principles and recommendations regarding the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by biospheric hazards are discussed. Within this chapter, tactical principles for the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by epidemics, epiphytotic diseases, epizootics, and forest fires are examined. Additionally, special attention is given to conceptual definitions and characteristics of such hazards relevant to protection and rescue efforts. Furthermore, the organization and specific protective measures in such disasters are reviewed, formulated, and studied. Additionally, the organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by epidemics, epiphytotic diseases, epizootics, and forest fires are clarified and described. As in the previous chapter, for each of the mentioned hazards, characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization and protective measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities, are examined.In the ninth chapter of the textbook, tactical principles and recommendations regarding the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by technical-technological hazards are discussed. Within this chapter, tactical principles for protecting and rescuing people in disasters caused by nuclear and radiological hazards, industrial accidents, transportation and infrastructure hazards, hazardous materials, and war devastations are examined. Special attention is given to defining and characterizing such hazards and their significance for protection and rescue efforts. The organization and specific protection measures in such disasters are reviewed, formulated, and studied. The organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by nuclear and radiological hazards, industrial accidents, transportation and infrastructure hazards, hazardous materials, and war devastations are described and clarified. Similar to the previous chapter, for each of these hazards, the characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization and protection measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities, are examined.In the tenth chapter of the textbook, tactical principles and recommendations regarding the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by terrorist attacks are examined. Within this chapter, tactical principles for the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by chemical, biological, nuclear, or radiological terrorist attacks, as well as attacks using high-explosive devices, are explored. Additionally, special attention is given to the conceptual definition and characteristics of such hazards, which are significant for protection and rescue efforts. The organization and specific protective measures in such disasters are reviewed, formulated, and studied. Comprehensive and detailed descriptions and explanations of the organization of rescue activities in disasters caused by chemical, biological, nuclear, or radiological terrorist attacks, as well as attacks using high-explosive devices, are provided. Similar to the previous chapter, characteristics of the hazards themselves, organization, and protective measures, as well as the organization of rescue activities, are examined for each of the mentioned threats. In the eleventh chapter of the textbook, tactical principles and recommendations regarding the protection and rescue of people in disasters caused by major fires are discussed. Within this chapter, conceptual definitions, characteristics, and types of fires are examined, with a focus on basic characteristics, burning processes, and extinguishing methods. Additionally, preventive measures for fire protection are considered: structural, technological, measures for wildfire protection, and measures for protecting against fires involving hazardous materials. Furthermore, special attention is given to fire extinguishing agents: water, powder, carbon dioxide, and foam. The organization and protection measures in disasters caused by fires are discussed, with a focus on technical-rescue interventions. Finally, the identification of the causes of fires and explosions is analyzed in detail.
Methodology of Disaster and Risk Research - Theories, Concepts, and Methods
Stepping into the world of a scientific discipline without the proper "tools" can be quite intimidating and exhausting for young researchers in the field of disasters. Therefore, the appearance of a monograph that offers essential and foundational knowledge necessary for understanding the multiple multidisciplinary theories and concepts is truly invaluable. There has long been a need for a work that would not only help avoid beginner mistakes but also guide researchers towards a more comprehensive understanding of disasters and critical reflection on them. Finally, before the readers is a manuscript that offers a glimpse into how the scientific field of disaster research has developed and evolved. The author's years of research have given this monograph a unique stamp and value, which will serve as a kind of guide for current and future researchers in this area. Starting from the necessity of a clear categorial apparatus in a scientific discipline, the Methodology of Disaster and Risk Research – Theories, Concepts, and Methods provides a modest contribution to distinguishing popular concepts. It comprehensively and concisely describes the field of study, creating conditions for the development of theories and the accumulation of knowledge, while also offering an extensive overview of the most important theories and describing the application of quantitative and qualitative research traditions in disaster and risk research. This monograph is wholeheartedly recommended to students, researchers, and anyone else interested in the field of disasters. Special thanks for the idea to write a work that would provide basic methodological guidelines for interested disaster researchers go to the esteemed Prof. Dr. Kosta Andrejević, the founder of the Andrejević Endowment, who significantly influenced my scientific work. I also owe support for the creation of this monograph to the Center for Disasters and Environmental Security, formed within the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Department of Civil Protection and Environmental Protection, headed by Prof. Dr. Vladimir Jakovljević, to whom I owe special thanks for his selfless support and knowledge he generously provided me in difficult times of scientific advancement and progress. I also owe special thanks to the reviewers, Prof. Dr. Vladimir Jakovljević, Prof. Dr. Srđan Milašinović, and Prof. Dr. Slavoljub Dragićević, who significantly improved the manuscript. At this point, I would also like to mention other professors who have made significant contributions to my theoretical knowledge and the young scientific discipline of disaster management – Prof. Dr. Želimir Kešetović, Prof. Dr. Jasmina Gačić, Prof. Dr. Boban Milojković, and Prof. Dr. Dragan Mlađan. I sincerely thank the Andrejević Endowment for their generous support and our successful long-term cooperation. In this monograph, which is systematized into several general and specific chapters, the author theoretically examines and describes, in an accessible and very understandable way, the most important concepts, terms, and theories related to disasters and risks. The first three chapters are dedicated to defining, classifying, and understanding disasters and hazards as fundamental concepts. Within the section addressing current concepts in disaster research, the author succinctly describes the term, characteristics, and dimensions of vulnerability, resilience, and risk, with a particular focus on the perception, models, and methodology of disaster risk assessment. The central part of the text is devoted to disaster research methods, specifically describing the evolution and characteristics of these methods. Starting from two major research traditions, the author thoroughly analyzes, describes, and explains the application of quantitative and qualitative research traditions in disaster research. In the final part of the text, an overview of the main characteristics and possibilities for applying theories of vulnerability, resilience, preparedness, planned behavior, symbolic interactionism, systems, and decision-making in disaster research is provided. Finally, different models found in disaster literature are discussed. By offering knowledge accumulated over many years of detailed study and scientific work to the public, the author hopes that the monograph Methodology of Disaster and Risk Research – Theories, Concepts, and Methods will be of practical assistance to researchers in this increasingly popular and essential scientific discipline, while also contributing to the systematic and comprehensive enhancement of the theoretical body of knowledge. Reference: Cvetković, V. (2017). Methodology of Disaster and Risk Research: Theories, Concepts and Methods. Belgrade: Andrejević Endowment.
Collections of Regulations in the Field of Disasters
Risk management of natural and anthropogenic disasters is a crucial component of modern safety strategies, requiring a systematic and multi-sectoral approach. This approach not only reduces existing risks but also prevents the emergence of new ones, thereby contributing to the protection of human lives, property, and the environment. In the context of increasing global challenges, including climate change, urbanization, and industrialization, the need for comprehensive disaster risk management has never been more apparent. Strengthening state mechanisms for disaster risk reduction is indispensable and cannot be achieved without the adoption and implementation of numerous strategic, legal, and regulatory measures. These regulations, both directly and indirectly, govern disaster risk management and create the necessary framework for comprehensive disaster preparedness and response. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, a key international policy, underscores the importance of understanding disaster risks, strengthening disaster risk governance, investing in risk reduction measures to enhance resilience, and improving preparedness for effective disaster response. Furthermore, it advocates for building a more resilient system during post-disaster recovery, reconstruction, and rehabilitation, aiming to create systems that are stronger and better equipped than those that existed before the disaster occurred. To achieve this, it is essential that leaders and members of protection and rescue forces in Serbia, including emergency management entities, police, military, and other relevant sectors, possess in-depth knowledge of and comply with both direct and indirect regulations related to disaster management. By doing so, they can ensure that disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery activities are timely, professionally executed, and legally sound. In line with these objectives, the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management has published the first comprehensive “Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management” in the Republic of Serbia. This publication is the result of years of scientific research and practice in disaster studies, during which the authors conducted detailed analyses to select all relevant and existing strategic, legal, and regulatory documents that form the foundation of the disaster protection and rescue system in Serbia. The collection includes national laws, by-laws, and key international agreements and standards that regulate disaster risk management. It serves as a comprehensive legal guide for professionals involved in disaster risk management, ensuring that they are well-versed in both domestic and international standards. The collection is particularly valuable for professionals preparing for the Risk Assessment Professional Examination, as prescribed by the Regulation on the Program, Manner, and Costs of Taking the Professional Exam, and for those pursuing a certification in fire protection, as outlined in the Regulation on Special Training and Taking the Professional Exam in Fire Protection. Additionally, this collection is invaluable for all members of emergency response services, such as the Emergency Management Sector, police, military, emergency medical services, mountain rescue services, general and special-purpose civil protection units, and volunteer fire brigades, as these professionals frequently engage in responding to disaster situations. The publication is also intended for government employees at various administrative levels—state, provincial, and local—who are responsible for disaster risk management activities. Given the complex and evolving nature of disasters, this collection serves as a critical resource for scholars and researchers in the field of disaster studies, helping to fill a gap in the existing literature and providing a solid foundation for further academic exploration. It is also an essential tool for students at institutions such as the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Criminal Police University, Faculty of Geography, and other related educational institutions, offering them a comprehensive legal framework as they prepare to enter the professional field. Furthermore, the Collection of Regulations addresses the need for harmonizing national disaster risk management policies with international standards and frameworks. It highlights the importance of Serbia's alignment with global best practices, especially in the context of the Sendai Framework, and the need for continuous improvement in disaster governance, resilience building, and response capacity. In addition to being a key resource for policy-makers and professionals, the collection plays a significant role in educating the public about their rights and responsibilities in the event of a disaster. Public awareness is a critical element in disaster preparedness, and ensuring that citizens are informed about the laws and regulations governing disaster management can significantly enhance community resilience. The publication encourages both individuals and organizations to take proactive steps in disaster risk reduction, further embedding the principles of safety and preparedness into the national consciousness. By integrating international and national regulations, this collection also underscores the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration. It demonstrates that effective disaster risk management cannot be achieved by one sector alone but requires coordinated efforts across government agencies, the private sector, and civil society. Each sector has a role to play in ensuring that comprehensive risk management strategies are in place and that the necessary resources are allocated to minimize the impact of disasters on society. In conclusion, the “Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management” not only serves as an authoritative reference for those working in disaster risk management but also as a roadmap for the future development of policies and practices in this critical field. As the frequency and intensity of disasters continue to rise globally, this collection will remain a vital tool for ensuring that Serbia and other countries are well-prepared to face the challenges of the future. Reference: Cvetković, V., Filipović, M., & Gačić, J. (2019). Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.
Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management
Risk management of natural and anthropogenic disasters represents a systematic and multi-sectoral approach, aimed at preventing new risks and reducing existing ones. Strengthening state mechanisms for disaster risk reduction is unimaginable without the adoption and implementation of numerous strategic, legal, and regulatory frameworks that directly or indirectly govern this area. According to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, state action in reducing disaster risks requires understanding disaster risks, strengthening disaster risk governance, investing in risk reduction measures to enhance resilience, improving preparedness for effective disaster response, and building back better systems during recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Leaders and members of protection and rescue entities in the Republic of Serbia are obliged to know and apply regulations that directly or indirectly relate to disaster management, ensuring timely, professional, and legally grounded activities in disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. In alignment with these goals, the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management has published the first comprehensive “Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management” in the Republic of Serbia. Drawing from the authors' years of scientific research and analysis, this collection includes all relevant and existing strategic, legal, and regulatory frameworks that form the foundation for disaster protection and rescue of people and property during disasters in Serbia. In addition to national legal and regulatory frameworks, the collection also includes the most important international documents governing disaster risk management. This collection is intended for professionals taking the Risk Assessment Professional Examination, as prescribed by the Regulation on the Program, Manner, and Costs of Taking the Professional Exam, and for those taking the Fire Protection Professional Exam, as outlined in the Regulation on Special Training and Taking the Professional Exam in Fire Protection. Furthermore, the collection serves all members of emergency response services, such as the Emergency Management Sector, police, military, emergency medical services, mountain rescue teams, civil protection units, and volunteer fire brigades, who regularly engage in disaster response activities. It is also intended for employees in government bodies at the state, provincial, and local levels involved in disaster risk management. Additionally, the collection is valuable for researchers and students of disaster studies, particularly at institutions like the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Criminal Police University, Faculty of Geography, and other related institutions. In summary, the Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management is an essential resource for professionals, government employees, researchers, and students involved in disaster risk management. It provides a comprehensive legal framework necessary for understanding and implementing disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts, thereby contributing to the overall safety and resilience of communities in Serbia and beyond. Reference: Cvetković, V., Filipović, M., & Gačić, J. (2019). Collection of Regulations in the Field of Disaster Risk Management. Belgrade: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management.