Category: Published papers

Assessment of women’s vulnerability and their coping mechanism living in flood prone areas: A case study of Belkuchi Upazila, Sirajganj

Kutub, J. R., Cvetković, V. M., & Huq, S. (2017). Assessment of women’s vulnerability and their coping mechanism living in flood prone areas: A case study of Belkuchi Upazila, Sirajganj. Serbian Science Today, 2(1), 35–43. UDC   Друштвене науке / Humanities Оригиналан научни рад / Original scientific paper   Процена рањивости жена и механизми њиховог суочавања са последицама у областима изложеним поплавама: студија случаја Белкучи Упазила, Сирајгањ Assessment of women’s vulnerability and the mechanism of their coping with consequences in flood prone areas: a case study of Belkuchi Upazilla, Sirajganj   Јуел Рана Кутуб, предавач Колеџ Фаужарда Кадет Faujdarhat, Sitakundu, Chittagong 4616, Бангладеш juelrana63@yahoo.com   Владимир М. Цветковић, доцент Универзитет у Београду, Факултет безбедности Господара Вучића 50, 11000 Београд vladimirkpa@gmail.com   Шахназ Хук Хусаин, професор Универзитет у Даки, Одсек за географију и животну средину Registrar Building, Nilkhet Road 1000, Dhaka, Бангладеш   shuqhussain@gmail.com Juel Rana Kutub, Lecturer Faujdarhat Cadet College Faujdarhat, Sitakundu, Chittagong 4616, Bangladesh juelrana63@yahoo.com Vladimir M. Cvetković, Assistant Professor University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies Gospodara Vučića 50, 11000 Beograd vladimirkpa@gmail.com Shahnaz Huq Hussain, Professor University of Dhaka, Department of Geography and Environment Registrar Building, Nilkhet Road 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh shuqhussain@gmail.com Рад примљен: 16.12.2016. Paper received: 12/16/2016   Рад прихваћен: 18.1.2017. Paper accepted: 1/18/2017 Abstract Women are more vulnerable during disastrous situations compared to their male counterparts. It was noted in many studies that among all oth- er natural disasters, flood causes immense sufferings of women due to the low standard of living conditions and poor institutional arrangement in flood prone areas of Bangladesh. The geographical location and low elevation of land with numerous rivers make Bangladesh really vulnerable. The focus of this research is to explore women’s vulnerability at the community level and ways of coping with the consequences of floods. Both secondary and prima- ry data have been used […]

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Published papers

List of Publications – Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković

Published: • Cvetković, V. M., Lipovac, M., Renner, R., Stanarević, S., & Raonić, Z. (2025). A Predictive Framework for Understanding Multidimensional Security Perceptions Among Students in Serbia: The Role of Institutional, Socio-Economic, and Demographic Determinants of Sustainability. Sustainability, 17(11), 5030. • Renner, R., Cvetković, V., & Lieftenegger, N. (2025). Dealing with High-Risk Police Activities and Enhancing Safety and Resilience: Qualitative Insights into Austrian Police Operations from a Risk Perception and Group Dynamic Perspective. Safety, 11(3). • Nikolić, N., Cvetković, V. M., Renner, R., Cvijović, N., & Gačić, J. (2025). Disaster Risk Perception and Local Resilience near the ‘Duboko’ Landfill: Challenges of Governance, Management, Trust, and Environmental Communication in Serbia. Open Geosciences, 17(1) • Janković, Lj., Cvetković, V., Gačić, J., Renner, R., Jakovljević, V. (2025) Integrating Psychosocial Support into Emergency and Disaster Management and Public Safety: The Role of the Red Cross of Serbia. (2025). International Journal of Contemporary Security Studies, 1(1), 99-124. • Cvetković, V. M., & Šišović, V. (2024). Understanding the Sustainable Development of Community (Social) Disaster Resilience in Serbia: Demographic and Socio-Economic Impacts. Sustainability, 16(7), 2620. • Grozdanić, G., Cvetković, V. M., Lukić, T., & Ivanov, A. (2024). Sustainable Earthquake Preparedness: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Analysis in Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Sustainability, 16(8). • Manojlović, B., Cvetković, V. M., Renner, R., Grozdanić, G., & Perošević, N. (2025). The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Local Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Skadar Lake and Durmitor National Parks, Montenegro. Sustainability, 17(7), 3200. • Cvetković, V. M., Renner, R., Aleksova, B., & Lukić, T. (2024). Geospatial and Temporal Patterns of Natural and Man-Made (Technological) Disasters (1900–2024): Insights from Different Socio-Economic and Demographic Perspectives. Applied Sciences, 14(18), 8129. • Cvetković, V. M., Nikolić, N., & Lukić, T. (2024). Exploring Students’ and Teachers’ Insights on School-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Safety: A Case […]

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Published papers

Articles Published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM), 2019–2025

Articles Published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM), 2019–2025 Publisher: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management This page provides a comprehensive list of scholarly articles published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) between 2019 and 2025. The IJDRM is dedicated to promoting research and knowledge exchange in the field of disaster risk reduction, emergency management, resilience building, and related interdisciplinary areas. Each listed reference follows APA (6th edition) citation style and reflects the official record of publication in the journal. The compilation may serve as a resource for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and students engaged in disaster risk management. Inusa, M., Chukwudi Nnaemeka, E., Nyomo, J. D., Osawe, I. E., Obadaki, Y. Y., Ismail, A., … Abdullahi Bichi, A. (2025). Nature and Extent of Flood Risk Downstream of the Kubanni Dam, Kaduna State, Nigeria. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.1 https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/Vol1/article/view/115 Tushabe, G., Rukundo, P. M., Kaaya, A. N., Nahalomo, A., Nateme, N. C., Iversen, P. O., … Rukooko, A. B. (2025). Retrogressive or Misplaced Priorities? An Assessment of Public Expenditure for Food Security and Disaster Risk Reduction in Uganda. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(1), 15–38. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.2 https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/Vol1/article/view/171 Masaba, A. K., Aryatwijuka, W., M. Ntayi, J., & Bagire, V. (2025). Network Structure in Disaster Response: The Mediating Role of Coordination Within a Humanitarian Organizational Network in Uganda. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.3 https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/Vol1/article/view/161 Baćilo, I. (2025). Rescue Light Communication System (RLCS): Enhancing Emergency Signaling in Crisis Situations. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.4 https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/Vol1/article/view/128 Karmaker, R. (2025). Stray Dogs in Urban Bangladesh: A Zoonotic Disaster Risk and Policy Challenge. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 7(1), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.5 https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/Vol1/article/view/137 Jevtić, M., Cvetković, V. M., Gačić, J., & Raonić, Z. (2025). Factors of Vulnerability and […]

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Published papers
International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM), Vol. 7, No. 1

International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM), Vol. 7, No. 1

As Editor-in-Chief, I am honored to present Volume 7, Issue 1 of the International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, published by the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management and the International Institute for Disaster Research, with the support of ProSafeNet. Link: https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/Vol1/issue/view/15 This edition marks a significant achievement in our ongoing efforts to promote global, interdisciplinary, and applied research in the field of disaster risk reduction, emergency management, and societal resilience. We are proud to feature 30 peer-reviewed scientific papers contributed by authors from more than 20 countries across the globe. These include contributions from both emerging and economically advanced nations. Notably, authors in this issue are affiliated with institutions from the United States, Germany, Japan, Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Israel, India, Turkey, and Romania—underscoring the journal’s growing relevance and recognition within the international academic and professional community. These contributions explore a wide range of critical and timely topics, including: disaster mapping and flood risk assessment using GIS technologies, inclusive disaster preparedness for people with disabilities, legal and institutional frameworks in disaster management, artificial intelligence for emergency coordination, cybersecurity threats viewed through the disaster risk lens, post-COVID tourism and community recovery, climate change vulnerabilities in agriculture and coastal livelihoods, as well as cross-national evaluation of disaster policies and education in risk reduction. 🔍 Published papers: Nature and Extent of Flood Risk Downstream of the Kubanni Dam, Kaduna State, Nigeria Retrogressive or Misplaced Priorities? An Assessment of Public Expenditure for Food Security and Disaster Risk Reduction in Uganda Network Structure in Disaster Response: The Mediating Role of Coordination Within a Humanitarian Organizational Network in Uganda Rescue Light Communication System (RLCS): Enhancing Emergency Signaling in Crisis Situations Stray Dogs in Urban Bangladesh: A Zoonotic Disaster Risk and Policy Challenge Factors of Vulnerability and Resilience of Persons with Disabilities During Disasters: Challenges and Strategies […]

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Published papers, Uncategorized

The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Local Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Skadar Lake and Durmitor National Parks, Montenegro

This study investigates the attitudes of local residents regarding the impacts of sustainable tourism development in two national parks in Montenegro: Skadar Lake National Park (NP) and Durmitor National Park (NP). The aim is to identify the key factors that shape these attitudes and to discern the differences in perceptions between the residents of these two areas. The research is based on the assumption that socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, and level of education, significantly influence attitudes toward sustainable tourism development. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering various attitudes toward tourism. Analyses were conducted using multiple regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation, with careful verification of all key statistical assumptions to ensure the validity of the results. The findings reveal significant differences in perceptions between residents of NP Skadar Lake and NP Durmitor. Respondents from NP Durmitor generally rated tourism’s positive and negative aspects higher than those from NP Skadar Lake. On the other hand, NP Skadar Lake residents exhibited more enthusiasm for tourism promotion and engagement in tourism development processes. It was concluded that socio-demographic characteristics, particularly education and age, influence attitudes toward tourism. These findings provide a basis for formulating recommendations to improve tourism development, considering local communities’ specific needs and perceptions in both national parks. Manojlović, B., Cvetković, V. M., Renner, R., Grozdanić, G., & Perošević, N. (2025). The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Local Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Skadar Lake and Durmitor National Parks, Montenegro. Sustainability, 17(7), 3200. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073200 The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Local Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Skadar Lake and Durmitor National Parks, Montenegro The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Local Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Skadar Lake and Durmitor National Parks, Montenegro by Branka Manojlović 1,Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3,*,Renate Renner 2,Goran Grozdanić 4 andNenad Perošević 4 1 Scientific-Professional […]

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Published papers
Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Dealing with High-Risk Police Activities and Enhancing Safety and Resilience: Qualitative Insights into Austrian Police Operations from a Risk Perception and Group Dynamic Perspective

Special police units, such as Austria’s EKO Cobra, are uniquely trained to manage high-risk operations, including terrorism, amok situations, and hostage crises. This study delves into the operational risks and the critical role of group dynamics in fostering safety and enhancing resilience, emphasizing the interconnectedness of risk perception, training, and operational practices. Based on problem-centred interviews with current and former EKO Cobra membersthe research identifies key risk factors such as overconfidence, insufficient training, inadequate equipment, and the challenges posed by high-stakes scenarios. Using a structured yet flexible approach, the study integrates a group dynamics model as a theoretical framework and analyzes the data semi-inductively semi-deductivelyby applying a a qualitative research approach. The study examines risk categorization in ad-hoc operations, the interplay between risk perception and training, and actionable strategies to enhance safety and preparedness through tailored training programs. The findings underscore the transformative impact of intensive scenario-based and high-stress training exercises, which significantly improve situational awareness, automate critical actions, and reinforce teamwork. Group dynamics, including cohesion and effective communication, emerge as pivotal factors in mitigating risks and ensuring operational success. Crucially, this research highlights the broader sustainability dimensions in law enforcement, advocating for continuous, specialized training that is adaptive to emerging challenges. By linking theoretical frameworks with practical, actionable insights, the study proposes a holistic training approach that promotes resilience and long-term sustainability in police operations. These findings are relevant to elite units like EKO Cobra and provide valuable guidance for broader police frameworks, contributing to become safer, more effective and resilient. Renner, R., Cvetković, V., & Lieftenegger, N. (2025). Dealing with High-Risk Police Activities and Enhancing Safety and Resilience: Qualitative Insights into Austrian Police Operations from a Risk Perception and Group Dynamic Perspective. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.1967.v1

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Published papers

Disaster Risk Communication

Pregledni rad Komunikacija o rizicima od katastrofa Marko Radovanović1, Vladimir M. Cvetković234* 1   Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije, Beograd; marko6r@yahoo.com 2   Fakultet bezbednosti, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Gospodara Vučića 20, Beograd; 3  Naučno-stručno društvo za upravljanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Beograd 4  International Institute for Disaster Research, Belgrade.   *   Koresondencija: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstrakt: Komunikacija rizika od katastrofa predstavlja jedan od temelјa uspešnog upravlјanja u katastrofama koji se ogleda u smanjenju razarajućih uticaja opasnosti od katastrofa na lјudske živote i imovinu, obezbeđenjem pravovremenih kritičnih informacija ugroženim zajednicama. Nedovoljno razvijen sistem indetifikacije, analize i deljenja informacija o rizicima od katastrofa dovodi do lošeg upravljanja u svim fazama katastrofa (ublažavanje, pripremljenost, odgovor i oporavak). U svakoj od spomenutih faza upravljanja postoje jasni zahtevi za specifičnim informacijama koje omogućavaju efikasno donošenje ključnih i blagovremenih odluka. Razmena informacija o rizicima od katastrofa je pod uticajem velikog broja faktora kao što su stepen naučno-tehnološke razvijenosti, demografskog, sociološkog i psihološkog ambijenta, kao i samih karakteristika prirodnih i antropogenih opasnosti. Polazeći od nesumnjivog značaja informacija o rizicima od katastrofa, autori u preglednom radu identifikuju, analiziraju i sistematizuju relevantne aspekte fenomenoloških dimenzija komunikacije o rizicima od katastrofa. Posebna pažnja posvećena je sveobuhvatnom sagledavanju izvora, subjekata i sredstava komunikacije, sa osvrtom na inovativna rešenja i strategije komunikacije u odgovoru na rizike od prirodnih i antropogenih katastrofa. Ključne reči: katastrofe, komunikacija, rizici, strategije, izvori, subjekti, sredstva, preporuke. Uvod Imajući u vidu učestalost i ozbilјnost prirodnih i antropogenih katastrofa, kao i predviđanja o njihovom povećanju usled klimatskih promena, ekonomskog rasta i rasta stanovništva u regionima sklonim katastrofama, pravilno izveštavanje o rizicima od katastrofa, naročito u rizičnim zajednicama, sve više dobija značaju (Annex, 2012; W. J. W. Botzen & Van Den Bergh, 2009; Jongman, Ward, & Aerts, 2012; Kunreuther & Michel-Kerjan, 2011). Nedovolјnost same procene rizika od različitih katastorofa za razvoj […]

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Published papers
Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The Role of Multimedia Content in Educating Youth about Disasters

The Role of Multimedia Content in Educating Youth about Disasters Ivanka Krnjić1, Vladimir M. Cvetković2* 1 Air Force Academy, Belgrade 2 Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade 3 Scientific-Professional Society for Risk Management in Emergency Situations, Belgrade *Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstract Disaster education is one of the most important prerequisites for improving society’s preparedness for timely and adequate response to disasters. Various traditional and innovative methods are used to educate young people about disasters to enhance their resilience to natural and anthropogenic hazards. Through a systematic literature review, this paper elaborates on the fundamental characteristics of disaster education, as well as the characteristics and application methods of multimedia content in this process. While recognizing the importance of traditional educational methods, the authors highlight different modalities for acquiring disaster knowledge through school programs with a focus on their safety in school facilities. The results indicate that there is a significant social and scientific-pragmatic framework for designing and implementing multimedia content in disaster education for young people. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of all advantages and disadvantages of multimedia use in education. Keywords: safety, disasters, multimedia content, education, youth Introduction Natural disasters cause significant damage to material assets, disrupt the environment, and, unfortunately, result in loss of human lives. The impact of both natural and anthropogenic disasters is inevitable, and it is essential to learn how to respond adequately in such situations and manage disasters to mitigate associated risks. Disaster management is a critical and dynamic process aimed at restoring normal conditions within communities as quickly as possible. Effective disaster management requires reliable and timely information on disaster characteristics, their consequences, and their recurrence in different regions. Education plays a crucial role in disaster risk reduction, helping individuals acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to respond efficiently. Multimedia content, […]

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Published papers
Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Security Aspects of Critical Infrastructure Protection in Anthropogenic Disasters: A Case Study of Belgrade

Cvetković, V., Kezunović, A. (2021). Security aspects of critical infrastructure protection in anthropogenic disasters: a case study of Belgrade. In Forensic Accounting, Investigations, Human Factors and Applied Tools. Belgrade: Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade. Security Aspects of Critical Infrastructure Protection in Anthropogenic Disasters: A Case Study of Belgrade Abstract: Critical infrastructure (CI) is the backbone of modern societies, ensuring the uninterrupted provision of essential services such as energy supply, transportation, telecommunications, water distribution, and healthcare. In an era of increasing anthropogenic disasters—including technological incidents, industrial accidents, and transportation failures—ensuring the security and resilience of CI has become a top priority. These disasters, often caused by human error, technical malfunctions, or cyber threats, can have severe consequences for national security, economic stability, and public health. Therefore, analyzing the security aspects of CI protection is crucial for developing effective risk management strategies and disaster preparedness frameworks. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the security challenges associated with protecting CI in urban environments, with a particular focus on Belgrade, the capital and economic hub of Serbia. A quantitative research method was applied, using a survey conducted on a sample of 200 respondents to assess public awareness of CI protection, perceived threats, and the level of preparedness for potential disasters. The findings indicate a general lack of awareness among the population regarding the significance of CI and its vulnerability to anthropogenic disasters. Moreover, the study highlights the necessity of strengthening preventive measures, improving institutional coordination, and increasing public education on CI protection. The research also examines the legal and strategic frameworks for CI protection in Serbia, identifying key vulnerabilities such as inadequate maintenance, a shortage of trained personnel, and inefficient early warning systems. Through a comparative analysis with international best practices, the study proposes measures to enhance CI resilience, including the integration of […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Integrated Natural Disasters Management

INTEGRATED NATURAL DISASTERS MANAGEMENT Vladimir M. Cvetkovic vladimir.cvetkovic @ kpa.edu.rs Abstract: More serious systematic studies of natural disaster management capabilities and their consequences are about half a century, which is not surprising, given that social science is relatively young. Researchers of natural disasters indicate that a well-defined and clear governance model is a crucial element in dealing with the consequences of natural disasters. When it speaking about of management, first think of a well-established formal system, or model, that will clearly define each stage in such a process. A review of the relevant scientific literature, we can distinguish different models of natural disasters such as logical, integrated, causal and others. Certainly, given the comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of management, an integrated approach to the management of natural disasters is a leading model in countries around the world. It is a comprehensive and integrated approach that encompasses all types of natural disasters (Biosphere, lithospheric, atmospheric) and phases (preparation, mitigation, response and recovery) management. So, it is an iterative process of decision-making in relation to the prevention, response and recovery from natural disasters. As such, it provides a chance for communities affected by disasters to balance the different needs for the protection of life, property and the environment, and to consider ways in which their cumulative actions may contribute to the longer term sustainability of the affected areas. It can be said that the guiding principles of this process: a systematic approach, partnership, uncertainty, geographic focus, relying on science and reliable data. Bearing in mind the importance of implementation models of integrated management of natural disasters in the national system of protection and rescue work is the subject of questioning evolution, structure, characteristics and functioning of the integrated management of natural disasters. In addition, special emphasis is given to the relationship […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Possibilities of chemical weapons abuse with the intention of terrorist emergency situations

Cvetković, V., Popović, M., Sadiah, A. (2014). Mogućnosti zloupotrebe hemijskog oružja u terorističke svrhe. U S. Mijalković. Beograd: Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, 341-357, ISBN 978-86-7020-302-0, CIP – 343.9.02(082), 343.341(082), 323.28(082), COBISS.SR-ID 212066828. Abstract: Chemical weapons are among the most devastating weapons of mass destruction, characterized by their severe consequences, unpredictability, and diverse mechanisms of action. Historically, such weapons have been considered unethical for warfare and have been subject to strict international prohibitions, including the Geneva Protocol (1925) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993). Despite these legal frameworks, terrorist organizations continue to explore means of acquiring, manufacturing, and deploying chemical agents, posing a significant threat to global security. The appeal of chemical weapons for terrorist purposes lies in their hidden action period, ease of dissemination, and ability to create mass casualties with relatively small quantities of toxic agents. Their psychological impact and potential to cause mass panic further enhance their attractiveness for terrorist groups seeking to destabilize societies and exert political pressure. The use of chemical weapons in terrorist attacks could severely undermine national security, disrupt critical infrastructure, and overwhelm healthcare systems due to the extensive medical and decontamination efforts required. The impact of chemical agents varies depending on their chemical structure, toxicity, and dissemination method, making it challenging to establish a universal categorization that encompasses all their essential properties. The effects range from immediate fatalities to long-term health consequences, such as genetic mutations, cancer, neurological disorders, and environmental contamination. This paper provides a detailed examination of chemical weapons, with a particular focus on their historical usage in warfare and peacetime incidents. It classifies different categories of chemical agents, including nerve agents (e.g., sarin, VX), blister agents (e.g., mustard gas, lewisite), choking agents (e.g., chlorine, phosgene), blood agents (e.g., cyanide, hydrogen cyanide), and incapacitating agents (e.g., BZ, LSD derivatives). Special attention is given to their […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The Tasks of Fire Rescue Units in the Terrorist Attack Caused by the Use of Weapon of Mass Destruction

Cvetković, V. (2012). Zadaci vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica u terorističkom napadu izazvanom upotrebom oružja za masovno uništavanje. Zbornik radova, Suprotstavljanje organizovanom kriminalu i terorizmu, Kriminalističko – policijska akademija, 146-160, ISBN – 978-86-7020-232-0, COBISS.SR – ID 195570188. THE TASKS OF FIRE RESCUE UNITS IN THE TERRORIST ATTACK CAUSED BY THE USE OF WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION Abstract: The terrorist attacks, caused by the use of weapons of mass destruction, represent the nightmare for leaders of fire rescue units. In addition to police and emergency medical services, these units have an important role on the site of a terrorist attack. When eliminating the consequences of a terrorist attack, members of fire rescue units will be burdened with many tasks that will need to take. The presence of hazardous materials and a large number of casualties, which are also contaminated, would greatly complicate the treatment of these units. Members of fire rescue units must be able to identify hazardous materials, determine the dimensions of hazards and the precautions that will be required. In order to act more efficiently, they must have developed procedures and tactics, and appropriate protective equipment. Therefore, they must have proper equipment to work with hazardous materials. One of the most important tasks, in addition to protection of life and health, is decontamination,which should be approached very cautiously and conscientiously. This paper analyzes and examines the role of fire rescue units on scene of a terrorist attack caused by the use of weapons of mass destruction. It gives a general overview of their activities after they have been alerted until the end of intervention with special reference to the very tactics of approaching site of a terrorist attack. It discusses the protective means and equipment necessary for operation in hazardous environments, and the role of fire rescue units in the process of decontamination. Keywords: fire […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Comparative Analysis Assessment Reactions Efficiency of Police, Military and Fire Rescue Unit in Natural Disaster

Cvetković, V. (2017). Comparative analysis of the efficiency of police, military, and fire rescue unit responses in natural disasters (Komparativna analiza ocene efikasnosti reagovanja policije, vojske i vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica u prirodnim katastrofama). In Management of Police Organizations in Preventing and Suppressing Security Threats in the Republic of Serbia (pp. 219–239). Thematic Proceedings, Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT REACTIONS EFFICIENCY OF POLICE, MILITARY AND FIRE RESCUE UNIT IN NATURAL DISASTER Vladimir M. Cvetković, Ph.D.[14] Academy of Criminalistic and Police studies in Belgrade   Abstract: The paper presents results of quantitative research assessment of efficiency reaction of the police, military and fire-rescue units in natural disasters. Thereby, the goal of quantitative research is scientific explication influence of gender, age, employment, level of education, previous experience, parenting and marital status of the evaluation of efficiency reaction. For realization of the study some communities were selected with high and low risk of onset of lowland and flash flooding. The survey was conducted on the territory of a large number of local communities with different demographic and social characteristics to be generalized to the whole population in Serbia. The urban and rural communities in different parts of Serbia were selected. Bearing in mind all local communities in Serbia where floods occurred or there is a high risk of flooding, randomly it was selected sample consisting 19 of 150 municipalities and 23 towns and the city of Belgrade. Specifically, the study was conducted in the following communities: Obrenovac, Šabac, Kruševac, Kragujevac, Sremska Mitrovica, Priboj, Batočina, Svilajnac, Lapovo, Paraćin, Smederevska Palanka, Jaša Tomić, Loznica, Bajina Bašta, Smederevo, Novi Sad, Kraljevo, Rekovac and Užice. In selected communities research was undertaken in those areas that were most affected in relation to the amount of potential risk of flooding. The survey used strategy  of testing […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Analysis of Geospatial and Temporal Distribution of Climate Disasters

Cvetković, V. (2014). Analysis of geospatial and temporal distribution of climate disasters. Transition and economic crime II, thematic collection of papers (pp. 163-183). Editor – prof. Dr. Srđan Milašinović. Belgrade: Criminal Police Academy. CIP – 343.53(497.11)(082), 351.86(497.11)(082), 338.24(497.11)(082), ISBN 978-86-7020-305-1, COBISS.SR-ID 212394764. ANALYSIS OF GEOSPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF CLIMATE DISASTERS Vladimir M. Cvetkovic The Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies in Belgrade Abstract: Climate disasters, which include drought, extreme temperatures and wildfires, every day more and more jeopardize the safety of people and their property. As such, they are beginning to attract more attention of researchers in the field of emergency situations who want to better understand it. Consequently, research has been undertaken in order to determine the geospatial and temporal distribution of climate disasters in the world in geographic space period in 1900. till 2013.  Given that it is a mass phenomenon, which consists of multiple units, most preferred scientific method for drawing conclusions about climate disasters is a statistical method. In addition, a statistical study was conducted so as to take the first step, the raw data of all natural disasters (25,552) in mind, Excel” file from the international database on disasters (CRED) in Brussels, and then analyzed in program for statistical analysis of data SPSS. Within the geospatial distribution analyzed the total number and consequences of climate disasters by continent. By the same token, within the temporal analysis examined the distribution of the total number and consequences of climatic disasters on an annual, monthly and daily. Statistical analysis of the results clearly indicates that the number of climate disasters is on the rise, with their recorded maximum in the period since 2000. till 2013. Then, based on the results it is concluded that most of the drought occurred in Africa, extreme temperatures in Europe and forest […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Capacity Building in Serbia for Disaster and Climate Risk Education

Cvetković, V. & Šišović, V. (2024). Capacity building in Serbia for disaster and climate risk education. Disaster and Climate Risk Education Insights from Knowledge to Action, edited by: Ayse Yildiz and Rajib Shaw, book series Disaster Risk Reduction, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 152 Beach Road. Capacity Building in Serbia for Disaster and Climate Risk Education  Vladimir M. Cvetković123, Vanja Šišović2 1   Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dmitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia   Corespondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs; vladimirkpa@gmail.com   Abstract: The territory of the Republic of Serbia is exposed to various natural and technical-technological hazards that increasingly endanger people and their material goods. An integrated disaster risk management system (preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery) has not yet taken root in Serbia to a sufficient extent, although there are certain institutional and legal prerequisites for its smooth functioning. Abandoning the reactive way of preparing for disasters and increasingly implementing proactive measures, societies are desperately trying to improve their resilience in resource-scarce situations and mitigate future consequences of disasters. In Serbia, there is insufficient resistance to disasters, reflected in the insufficiently improved ability of Serbian society exposed to dangers to respond to them and recover from the consequences of disasters promptly and efficiently. Despite this, many efforts are in vain considering that the population’s awareness of various aspects of disaster management remains very low. The aim of this chapter refers to the comprehensive analysis and description of capacity building in Serbia for Disaster and Climate Risk Education. The undoubted importance of education in the field of disasters, which is increasingly receiving priority positions on various agendas around the world, emphasizes the necessity of continuous research on […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Tactical Approaches to Protection and Rescue in Traffic Accident-Induced Disasters

Article Tactical Approaches to Protection and Rescue in Traffic Accident-Induced Disasters Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3* 1   Department of Disaster Management and Environmental Security, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs; 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia. 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia.   *   Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstract: This study delves into the complex challenges that arise when managing rescue operations in the aftermath of traffic accidents spanning various forms of transportation, including roads, railways, aviation, and waterways. Given the inherent complexity of traffic-related disasters, these events typically necessitate well-coordinated rescue strategies, involving the collaboration of multiple emergency services and the use of specialized equipment. The legal framework set forth by the Republic of Serbia plays a pivotal role in shaping the procedures and responsibilities within these rescue efforts, guiding the allocation of resources, enforcing safety protocols, and ensuring effective coordination between different agencies. Moreover, the incorporation of innovative technical solutions is critical in successfully extricating victims from perilous situations. This paper also underscores the vital importance of preventive measures, particularly in road traffic, which are mandated by national legislation. The establishment of specialized investigative bodies, such as the Traffic Accident Investigation Center, has greatly enhanced the systematic approach to preventing future incidents. By examining the various components of rescue operations, this research highlights the essential role of timely and efficient interventions in minimizing casualties and mitigating the broader impacts of traffic disasters. Keywords: traffic accidents, disaster management, rescue operations, emergency response, transportation safety, legal framework, accident investigation, Serbia.   Taktički pristupi zaštiti i spasavanju u katastrofama izazvanim saobraćajnim nezgodama Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3* 1 Katedra za upravljanje vanrednim situacijama i bezbednost životne sredine, Fakultet bezbednosti, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Gospodara Vučića […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Challenges and Obstacles in the Use of Search and Rescue Dogs During Disaster Operations: A Case Study of the Earthquake in Turkey

Review Challenges and Obstacles in the Use of Search and Rescue Dogs During Disaster Operations: A Case Study of the Earthquake in Turkey Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3*, Nemanja Miljković2 1   Department of Disaster Management and Environmental Security Studies, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia.   *   Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstract: Deploying search and rescue (SAR) dogs in disaster situations is crucial for effective rescue missions. This study delves into the challenges and obstacles encountered during the use of SAR dogs, particularly focusing on the earthquake that hit Turkey in February 2023. By employing a case study approach, the research explores various factors that impact the efficiency and safety of SAR dog operations, such as environmental conditions, equipment needs, cultural perceptions, and logistical hurdles. Environmental conditions such as extreme weather, hazardous materials, and unstable structures present significant risks to both the dogs and their handlers. The adequacy of equipment, including protective gear and medical supplies, is critical for ensuring the safety and efficiency of rescue operations. Logistical challenges, including the transportation and care of dogs in disaster zones, further complicate their deployment. Cultural barriers also play a crucial role, as perceptions of dogs vary widely across different communities, potentially affecting the acceptance and integration of canine units in rescue efforts. The case study of the earthquake in Turkey highlights these issues, showcasing the successes and setbacks experienced by international rescue teams. The findings indicate that although SAR dogs are invaluable in locating survivors, they face significant dangers, including hazardous materials, extreme weather, and physical injuries. Additionally, cultural differences and logistical issues complicate their deployment. This paper highlights the necessity […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Legal and Organizational Framework for the Use of Search and Rescue Dogs in Disasters: A Comparative Analysis between Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia

Review Legal and Organizational Framework for the Use of Search and Rescue Dogs in Disasters: A Comparative Analysis between Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3*, Nemanja Miljković2 1   Department of Disaster Management and Environmental Security Studies, Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia.   *   Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstract: This study critically explores the legislative frameworks and national regulations of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia concerning the engagement, training, and responsibilities of search and rescue dogs and their handlers.. The goal is to offer a thorough understanding of how these dogs and their handlers are engaged, trained, and managed in each country. By carefully analyzing the legal foundations, the study aims to clarify the rights, duties, and responsibilities of all parties involved, ensuring that search and rescue dog deployments are conducted within a structured and lawful framework. Such an understanding is crucial for improving disaster management and ensuring a coordinated response to various emergencies. The findings reveal that although each country has strong legal provisions for deploying search and rescue dogs, there are significant differences in the detail and scope of these regulations. Slovenia is notable for its detailed guidelines, regular evaluations, and licensing processes, setting a high standard. Croatia benefits from strong institutional support and active international collaboration, which greatly enhances its disaster response capabilities. On the other hand, Serbia, despite having a solid foundational framework, could improve by better coordinating with non-governmental organizations and aligning more closely with international standards. Key areas for improvement include harmonizing standards, enhancing training programs, increasing public awareness, better resource allocation, and adopting new technologies. By addressing these issues, Serbia, Croatia, […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Empowering the Regional Network of Experts for Disaster Risk Management in the Western Balkans by the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management

Review Article Empowering the Regional Network of Experts for Disaster Risk Management in the Western Balkans by the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3* 1   Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia.   *  Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs   Abstract: The Western Balkans region is persistently vulnerable to natural hazards, inadequate infrastructure, and limited institutional capacities, necessitating a collaborative approach to disaster risk management. This paper presents a comprehensive project led by the Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (NSD-URVs) in Belgrade, aiming to establish and strengthen a regional network of experts in disaster risk management. The project focuses on building expertise, facilitating knowledge exchange, promoting expert coordination, and enhancing cross-border collaboration. Key activities include developing a web platform, organizing an international conference, and advocating for regional policies that integrate best practices and innovations in disaster risk management. The expected outcomes are the establishment of a cohesive network, enhanced expertise and coordination, and improved preparedness and responsiveness to disasters. By leveraging collective expertise and resources, this initiative aims to fortify the region’s resilience against potential disasters. Addressing the identified gaps and implementing the proposed policy recommendations can significantly enhance the region’s resilience to natural hazards. Future research should focus on the implementation and impact of these recommendations to ensure continuous improvement in disaster preparedness and response. Keywords: disaster risk management, regional network, Western Balkans, cross-border collaboration, capacity building, knowledge exchange, scientific-professional society for disaster risk management. Introduction The Western Balkans region faces persistent challenges related to disaster risk management, characterized by a complex interplay of natural hazards, inadequate infrastructure, and limited institutional capacities [1-6]. The Southeast […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

In-Depth Analysis of Disaster (Risk) Management System in Serbia: A Critical Examination of Systemic Strengths and Weaknesses

Article In-Depth Analysis of Disaster (Risk) Management System in Serbia: A Critical Examination of Systemic Strengths and Weaknesses Vladimir M. Cvetković 1,2,3* 1   Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia.   *  Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstract: This study comprehensively explores Serbia’s Disaster (Risk) Management System, aiming to critically evaluate its inherent strengths and weaknesses. Using descriptive-analytical methods and qualitative interpretation, SWOT analysis was applied to collect data from scientific papers, books, and institutional reports. This study delves deeply into the nuances of Serbia’s Disaster Management Framework, revealing a nuanced landscape of strengths, weaknesses, and strategic improvement opportunities. Identified strengths underscore a robust foundation characterized by proficient professionals, state-of-the-art technology, and cohesive teamwork, all pivotal for effective emergency preparedness and response. Conversely, weaknesses underscore pressing imperatives for enhancements in regulatory enforcement, resource allocation, and infrastructure upgrades, presently hampering the framework’s efficacy and response readiness. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on disaster risk management and serves as a catalyst for further scholarly inquiry and policy formulation. By mapping out the structure of Serbia’s Disaster (Risk) Management Framework and integrating diverse data sources, the study enriches theoretical models and lays the groundwork for practical policy interventions. Its findings, including precise recommendations for policy reform and strategic improvements, provide valuable insights for policymakers, emergency management experts, and stakeholders seeking to enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities on both national and global scales. Keywords: disaster, emergency, disaster management system, risk management, in-depth analysis, critical examination, systemic strengths, weaknesses, enhancements, challenges, Serbia.   Introduction In recent decades, the world has witnessed a surge in the frequency and severity of disasters, posing significant threats […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Social Resilience to Flood Disasters: Demographic, Socio-Economic, and Psychological Factors of Impact

Cvetković, V., Ivković, T. (2022). Social Resilience to Flood Disasters: Demographic, Socio-economic and Psychological Factors of Impact”. 12th International Conference of the International Society for the Integrated Disaster Risk Management, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 21-23 September 2022. Hosted by Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania), Research Institute for Sustainability and Disaster Management based on High Performance Computing and Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering. SOCIAL RESILIENCE TO FLOOD DISASTERS: DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF IMPACT Vladimir M. Cvetković123*, Tamara Ivković23 1   Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Belgrade, Serbia 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Belgrade, Serbia.   *  Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs.   Abstract: Starting from the increasingly frequent consequences of floods in local communities in Serbia, this paper aims to examine the level and impact of selected demographic, socio-economic and psychological factors on the level of social resilience to flood disasters. The research was conducted using a provided questionnaire and then collected online for 261 respondents during August 2021. The research results show a statistically significant influence of gender, previous experience, social ties, trust in public institutions and involvement in risk communication processes on the level of social resilience to flooding disasters. In addition, research has found that strengthening social resilience requires strengthening social networking, trust and solidarity among members of the local community. The obtained research results can significantly help all stakeholders formulate strategies, plans, and initiatives to improve social resilience to the consequences of flood disasters and create preconditions for building a safe and sustainable environment. Keywords: disaster, flood, social resilience, demographic, socio-economic, psychological factors.   Introduction   The application of the concept of resilience in disaster management proves to be one of the critical aspects in the interpretation […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

 Individual citizens’ resilience to disasters caused by floods: a case study of Belgrade

Cvetković, V., Bošković, N., Ocal, A. (2021). Individual citizens’ resilience to disasters caused by floods: a case study of Belgrade. 5th International Symposium on Natural Hazards and Disaster Management Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey 24-25 October. Individual citizens’ resilience to disasters caused by floods: a case study of Belgrade Vladimir M. Cvetković1,2, Nemanja Bošković*2Adem Öcal3 *1Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Independent Researcher, 06500, Ankara, Turkey Abstract: Due to the increasing frequency and variety of disasters caused by floods and their effect on people, environment, material, and cultural goods, there is an unavoidable need to improve the security of citizens through innovative solutions to improve Serbian citizens’ resilience to such disasters. The subject of the research is a comprehensive examination of the levels and factors that affect the level of individual resilience of the citizens of the city of Belgrade to the consequences of disasters caused by floods. By applying the quantitative research tradition, citizens’ attitudes about their level of resilience and the level of resilience of society were examined. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire that was requested and collected online among 377 respondents during May 2020. The research results show that there are relationships between the diversity of characteristics, experiences, and levels of education with the level of individual resilience of citizens to flood disasters. The implications of the research related to the creation of preconditions for the design and implementation of various programs, strategies, and campaigns that will improve the situation in the aforementioned area.  Keywords: disaster, flood, resilience, citizens, DAREnet, Belgrade. Introduction Almost all ancient world civilizations have the myth of a great flood, that is, a flood, which does not mean that it was a real event, but indicates that […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The Impact of Climate Change on the Protection and Conservation of Biodiversity as a Precondition for Environmental Security in Serbia

Filipović, M., Cvetković, V., & Jakovljević, V. (2017). The impact of climate change on protection and conservation of biodiversity as a precondition of environmental security in Serbia. First International Conference Environmental Safety and Health at Work, Proceedings, Zrenjanin, November 16, 2017. THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AS A PRECONDITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN SERBIA Marina Filipović Vladimir  M. Cvetković, PhD Vladimir Jakovljević Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Beograd  Abstract: The influence of climate change on biodiversity as a precondition of environmental security is the subject of an increasing number of scientific and expert analyzes around the world. Due to the lack of information on the related effects of climate change and immediate empirical evidences, there may be neglect of the application of adequate measures to mitigate the potentially adverse impact of climate on the maintenance, growth, reproduction and distribution of certain species which can affect the creation of unwanted implication regarding to environemental security. Bearing in mind the significant number of endemic plant and animal species in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, its unique responsibility with regard to the preservation of biodiversity can not be denied. The paper performed a secondary analysis of the key documents and reports that Serbia, as a member state of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, and the signatory country to the Paris Agreement, is obliged to continuously submit to the UNFCCC Secretariat. According to the First National Communication of the Republic of Serbia, the effects of climate change on biodiversity and natural ecosystems are observed that indicate phenological changes, changes in morphology, physiology and species behavior, habitat loss, as well as the emergence of new habitats, changes in the number and distribution of species […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Emergency Situations Caused by the Use of Radiological Weapons for the Purposes of Terrorism

ladimir M. Cvetković Marina Filipović Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS CAUSED BY THE USE OF RADIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FOR THE PURPOSES OF TERRORISM Abstract: Modern terrorism characterized by the use of weapons of mass destruction is one of the most serious scenarios for endangering the safety of citizens. Terrorists have a variety of weapons of mass destruction that are different in their characteristics and ways of their use. Due to the increasing threat of the use of radiological weapons for terrorist purposes, at the end of the 20th century it was included in weapons of mass destruction, although its use was considered back in 1941. Starting from the possibility of the abuse of radiological weapons for terrorist purposes, the authors elaborate the concept and types of radiological weapons, with a special emphasis on their use in the past. In addition, the characteristics and ways of their use for terrorist purposes are analyzed and described. Key words: emergency situations, terrorism, radiological weapons, ways of abuse. Владимир  М. Цветковић Марина Филиповић Универзитет у Београду, Факултет безбедности, Београд, Господара Вучића 50  ВАНРЕДНЕ СИТУАЦИЈЕ ИЗАЗВАНЕ УПОТРЕБОМ РАДИОЛОШКОГ ОРУЖЈА У ТЕРОРИСТИЧКЕ СВРХЕ Апстракт: Савремени тероризам кога карактерише употреба оружја за масовно уништавање представља један од најозбиљнијих сценарија угрожавања безбедности грађана. Терористима на располагању стоји различит избор оружја за масовно уништавање које се разликује по својим карактеристикама и начинима његове примене. Због повећане претње употребе радиолошког оружја у терористичке сврхе, крајем XX века је увршћено у оружје за масовно уништавање иако је његова употреба разматрана још давне 1941. године. Полазећи од могућности злоупотребе радиолошког оружја у терористичке сврхе, аутори у раду елаборирају појам и врсте радиолошког оружја, са посебним освртом на његову примену у прошлости. Поред тога, анализирају се и описују карактеристике и начини његове употребе у терористичке сврхе. Кључне […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Phenomenological Dimensions of Disasters Caused by Fire in Residential Buildings

PHENOMENOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF DISASTERS CAUSED BY FIRE IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SUMMARY Disasters caused by fires in residential buildings pose a serious threat to the life and health of people and their property. Improving the resilience of society requires knowledge of different perspectives and dimensions of fire in residential buildings. Using the methods of literary analysis, the authors analyze and examine current fire protection measures that lead to unequal levels of fire protection in buildings and do not take into account modern challenges, risks, and fire threats. The authors pay special attention to the review of fire indicators, general prevention measures, and mitigation of fire risks. The implications of the review are of great importance for decision-makers in the Republic of Serbia, who are facing an increasingly extensive demand for integrated improvement of human safety from fires in residential buildings. Keywords: disasters, fires, residential buildings, phenomenological dimensions, risk mitigation. Проф. др Владимир М. ЦВЕТКОВИЋ Универзитет у Београду, Факултет безбедности, Београд Међународни институт за истраживање катастрофа, Београд Дарко ПРОТИЋ, Маст. менаџ. безб. Научно-стручно друштво за управљање ризицима у ванредним ситуацијама, Београд       ФЕНОМЕНОЛОШКЕ ДИМЕНЗИЈЕ КАТАСТРОФА ИЗАЗВАНИХ ПОЖАРИМА У СТАМБЕНИМ ОБЈЕКТИМА   РЕЗИМЕ   Катастрофе изазване пожарима у стамбеним објектима представљају озбиљну претњу по живот и здравље људи и њихове имовине. Унапређење отпорности друштва, захтева спознају различитих перспектива и димензија пожара у стамбеним објектима. Применом метода анализе литературе, аутори у раду анализирају и испитују тренутне мере заштите од пожара које доводе до неједнаког нивоа заштите од пожара у зградама и не узимају у обзир савремене изазове, ризике и претње од пожара. Посебну пажњу, аутори усмеравају на преиспитивање индикатора настанка пожара и мере генералне превенције и ублажавања ризика од настанка пожара. Импликације прегледног рада имају велики значај за доносиоце одлука у Републици Србији пред којима је све обимнији захтев за интегрисаним унапређењем […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Risk Database and Management Support Information Services for Emergencies

RISK DATABASE AND MANAGEMENT SUPPORT INFORMATION SERVICES FOR EMERGENCIES  Abstract  Natural and anthropogenic emergencies represent the most serious scenario of compromising security, which conditions the use of state-of-the-art information services as well as the use of all available risk databases. In this regard, the risk management during emergiencies is unthinkable today without the use of various online services that enable decision-makers involved in the process to look at all the options at their disposal in a short period of time. The subject of the paper is the identification, analysis and description of the most important characteristics of information services (Copernicus emergency management services, a geographic information system) and open databases on risks (Global Risk Data Platform, Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment, Natural Disaster Hotspots, Global Hazard Atlas) for effective risk management in emergencies. The results of the review work can be used to improve the knowledge of first responders about the available possibilities of using information services and databases.  Keywords: emergencies, information services, databases, decision support. Владимир М. ЦВЕТКОВИЋ[1] Универзитет у Београду, Факултет Безбедности, Београд   БАЗЕ ПОДАТАКА О РИЗИЦИМА И ИНФОРМАЦИОНИ СЕРВИСИ ПОДРШКЕ  ОДЛУЧИВАЊУ У ВАНРЕДНИМ СИТУАЦИЈАМА   Резиме   Природне и антропогене ванредне ситуације представљају најозбиљнији сценарио угрожавање безбедности који условљава употребу најсавременијих информационих сервиса као и коришћење свих расположивих база података о ризицима. У том смислу, управљање ризицима у ванредним ситуацијама је данас незамисливо без употребе различитих онлајн доступних сервиса који омогућавају доносиоцима одлука који учествују у том процесу да у кратком временском периоду сагледају све могућности које им стоје на располагању. Предмет рада представља идентификација, анализа и опис најзначајнијих карактеристика информационих сервиса (Copernicus emergency management servise, geographic information system) и отворених база података о ризицима (Global Risk Data Platform, Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment, Natural Disaster Hotspots, Global Hazard Atlas) који су неопходни за ефикасно управљање ризицима у […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Factors Impacting Citizens’ Awareness of Emergency Situation Risks in Serbia

FACTORS IMPACT ON THE CITIZENS AWARENESS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS RISKS IN SERBIA  Summary  Every day, people are faced with a variety of security risks that can threaten their life and health. Awareness of the risks of occurrence of local emergency is a prerequisite to improve their preparedness to mitigate the resulting consequences. Quantitative research was conducted with the aim of scientific description and explication of factors impact on public awareness of the risks of occurrence of emergency in Serbia. On that occasion, we used a multi-stage sampling, the number of two and a half thousand people from the area nineteen local communities. Survey results show that only half of the respondents aware of the risk of emergencies in the local community. In addition, it was found that the awareness of the risks affecting gender, age, education, success in elementary school, mother’s education, father’s education, marital status, parenthood, care of disability, employment, household income, previous experience and volunteering. Scientific and social importance of research derives from the unexamined public awareness about the risks of occurrence of extraordinary situations and factors that directly or indirectly affect its level. The research results can be used for the design of strategies and programs aimed at raising awareness about local security risks.  Key words: emergency situations, risks, factors, citizens, Serbia. Доц. др Владимир М. ЦВЕТКОВИЋ Проф. др Владимир ЈАКОВЉЕВИЋ Универзитет у Београду, Факултет Безбедности, Београд   ЧИНИОЦИ УТИЦАЈА НА СВЕСТ ГРАЂАНА О РИЗИЦИМА НАСТАНКА ВАНРЕДНИХ СИТУАЦИЈА У СРБИЈИ     Резиме   Свакодневно, људи се сусрећу са разноврсним безбедносним ризицима који могу угрозити њихов живот и здравље. Свест грађана о локалним ризицима настанка ванредних ситуација јесте предуслов унапређења њихове припремљености значајне за ублажавање последица. Управо зато, спроведено је квантитативно истраживање са циљем научне експликације чиниоца утицаја на свест грађана о ризицима настанка ванредних ситуација у […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Informed Citizens About Firefighters’ Jurisdiction in Emergency Situations: Demographic, Socio-Economic, and Psychological Factors

Cvetković, V. (2017). Informed citizens about firefighters’ jurisdiction in emergency situations. VIII Scientific and professional conference with international participation, Police and judiciary guarantees of freedom and security in a legal state, At Hotel “Omorika” on Tara Mountain, Serbia. Informed Citizens About Firefighters’ Jurisdiction in Emergency Situations: Demographic, Socio-Economic, and Psychological Factors  Vladimir M. Cvetković, Ph.D. Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies in Belgrade, Cara Dušana 196, vladimirkpa@gmail.com Abstract: This paper presents the results of quantitative research of informed Serbian citizens about firefighters jurisdiction in emergency situations. Thus, the subject of research is an examination of the impact of certain demographic, socio-economic and psychological factors on citizens informed about firefighters jurisdiction in emergency situations. The survey was conducted in 2015 and in the process of a survey realized in the area of 19 communities surveyed 2,500 citizens. On that occasion, it was applied test strategy in households with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The results of the conducted descriptive and inferential statistical analysis showed that the mean of informed respondents informed about firefighter responsibilities in emergency situations is 2.78, or 22% of the respondents is in the absolute extent uninformed, 15.8%, to some extent uninformed, 32.5% neither informed nor uninformed, 14.8%, to some extent informed and 11.8% in absolute extent informed about the responsibilities of fire and rescue units in emergencies. In addition, the results of inferential statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between informed with gender, volunteering, sport, parenting, employment, age, level of education, marital status and the religiosity  level, while there is no significant correlation with previous experience in emergency situations. The research results can be used to improve informed about the firefighters jurisdiction in emergency situations. Key words: security, emergency situation, firefighters, informed, citizens. ИНФОРМИСАНОСТ ГРАЂАНА О НАДЛЕЖНОСТИМА ВАТРОГАСНО-СПАСИЛАЧКИХ ЈЕДИНИЦА У ВАНРЕДНИМ […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Natural Disaster Risk Insurance and Reduction

NATURAL DISASTER RISK INSURANCE AND REDUCTION Ph.D. Vladimir M. Cvetković The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, vladimirkpa@gmail.com Professor Ph.D. Vladimir Jakovljevic Faculty of Security, University of Belgrade, vjakov@fb.bg.ac.rs Miško Stanić Center for Advancement of Insurance, Belgrade www.osigurajtese.rs Abstract: The number of natural disasters is increasing and their consequences are increasingly devastating. In some countries there is a mandatory insurance against natural disasters caused by flooding, while in Serbia this is still in its beginning. Therefore, this paper presents the results of quantitative research of correlation between demographic and socio-economic characteristics of citizens and property insurance against the consequences of natural disasters caused by floods in the Republic of Serbia. The survey was conducted in 2015 and on that occasion it was randomly selected 19 local communities in which 2,500 persons were interviewed. At the same time, the survey strategy was applied in households using a multi-stage random sample. Results of descriptive statistical analysis indicate that only 8% of respondents have insured their property against the consequences of natural disasters caused by floods while 86.6% did not do so. Chi-square test (x2) of independence showed a statistically significant correlation between insurance and demographic characteristics of respondents – gender, age, level of education, success in high school and some socio-economic characteristics – employment, marital status and home distance from the river. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant relationship between insurance and amount of household income. The originality of the research is reflected in the improvement of theoretical knowledge in the field of reducing the risk of natural disasters. The research results have unambiguous scientific and social importance which is reflected in the abundance of new data that can be used for the purpose of comparison with the results of other studies in the world and designing the […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The Role of Emergency Medical Services in Disasters Caused by Terrorism

Cvetković, V., Aksentijević, V., & Ivović, M. (2015). Uloga službe hitne medicinske pomoći u vanrednim situacijama izazvanim terorističkim aktima. Suprotstavlјanje savremenim oblicima kriminaliteta – analiza stanja, evropski standardi i mere za unapređenje (26-29. maj 2015), Kriminalističko-policijska akademija i Fondacija „Hans Zajdel” u saradnji sa Ministarstvom unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije, Tom III, 355-367. ТHE ROLE OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE IN DISASTERS CAUSED BY TERRORISM  Abstract: The modern terrorist attacks, are different from those of past performance in a tactical change, the introduction of professional planning attacks and increasing the volume of activity and destructiveness. More and more are starting to talk about, super terrorism, which aims to draw attention to the gradual transition of terrorist groups with the use of conventional weapons to weapons of mass destruction. Given the health consequences of use of these weapons by terrorist groups, particularly relevant emergency service in removing the consequences of such an attack, is the emergency medical service and the entire medical staff. This service, in addition to police and fire and rescue unit has a key role in responding to terrorist attack. The current emergence of a large number of victims, with difficult to locate and provide medical assistance, the need to limit the stay of people in an area that is contaminated, would greatly complicate the work of the emergency to be faced with many tasks. This paper analyzes the role and tasks of the emergency medical service caused by a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction, with particular reference to triage and transport the wounded and prepare the hospital to receive casualties from the scene of such terrorist attacks. In addition, this paper analyzes the role of health services in the elimination of health consequences in the Republic of Serbia. Keywords: emergency, tasks, terrorist attacks, weapons of mass destruction, triage, […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The role of police in achieving security on the Danube as international waterways in Serbia

The role of police in achieving security on the Danube as international waterways in Serbia Vladimir M. Cvetković1, Boban Milojković1, Dragan Mlađan1, Slobodan Miladinović1   1 The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Cara Dušana 196, Belgrade, Serbia; vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs ABSTRACT  Danube as an international navigable river in Serbia and water main roads of central and southeastern Europe, despite all of its advantages it contains one of the kind of components suitable for performing criminal activities (general, economic and organized crime and terrorism). Also, it can happen flooding, traffic accidents, fires and accidents that require the involvement of specially trained first responders. In addition, the specificity of the police work aimed at achieving security of the Danube, directly contributed to the development of police organization and in this segment. It is, therefore, a separate organizational unit of Serbian police such as river police, border police, gendarmerie specialized units (divers) and fire-rescue units with fire boats, trained and equipped in order to take preventive and repressive measures and actions in order to preserve security on the Danube and the actions of protection and rescue of people, material and cultural resources and the environment. Considering the international, cross-border, security-protective, water management, transport, tourism, sports and recreation, hunting and other issues on the river Danube, the authors present the possibility of an integrated security management at international navigable rivers. Specifically, the paper introduced the modern concept of the security management of the overall creative and destructive anthropogenic and natural phenomena and processes that are manifested in the international waterway (river) road, and are related to the joint efforts of police, customs, inspection services, port authorities, emergency medical, army, line ministries and other state agencies, water management companies, local authorities, social organizations and citizens. As part of continuous professional training of police officers to perform […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Climate Change as a Modern Security Threat

Cvetkovic, V., Milojković, B., Mladjan, D. ( 2013). Climate Change as a Modern Security Threat. Belgrade, Jaroslav Černi Institute for the Development of Water Resources, International Conference Climate change Impacts on Water Resources, 17-18 October 2013, Belgrade, Serbia, ISBN 978-86-82565-41-3, 168-174. CLIMATE CHANGE AS A MODERN SECURITY THREAT[1]   Vladimir Cvetković Тhe Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs Boban Milojković Тhe Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, boban.milojkovic@kpa.edu.rs Dragan Mlađan Тhe Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, dragan.mladjan@kpa.edu.rs Abstract: Across the Earth, in everyday professional and scientific debates, climate changes are referred as a multidimensional global threat that represent a multiplier of various tensions over access to basic life resources which wane. Thus, in this paper we analyze the phenomenology of climate change that is brought into direct/indirect relationship with endangering the safety of human, material and cultural resources and the environment at the national and global levels. The paper also analyzes the impacts of climate change on increasing disaster risk, that every day increasingly destructive endangers the safety of people both by work and by nature of created value. At the end of the paper, the effects of climate change on water resources are presented. In conclusion, the authors point out that climate change is a reality that presents a significant security risk and a challenge, which have caused: the reduction of energy access, food availability, increased frequency and intensity of catastrophic natural disasters, population displacement, increasing public health problems, and lack of health safe drinking water. In addition, they actualize the idea that climate change poses a serious threat to national security and defense of the country, which was matter dealt mostly by activists and environmental experts in the field. However, lately climate change is beginning to be a subject of interest of politicians […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Possible Abuse of Nuclear Weapons in Terrorist Activity and Criminal Protection

Cvetković, V. & Mlađović, I. (2015). Mogućnosti zloupotrebe nuklearnog oružja u terorističke svrhe i krivično pravna zaštita. Osmi međunarodni naučni skup „Dani bezbjednosti“ na temu: Subjekti sistema bezbjednosti u ostvarivanju bezbjednosne funkcije države, Fakultet za bezbjednost i zaštitu, Banja Luka 12. jun 2015, 397-407 Glavni i odgovorni urednik: Krstan Borojević. UDC 351.74/.75:316.42 (082), ISBN 978-99955-23-52-7, COBISS:RS-ID 5049368. POSSIBLE ABUSE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN TERRORIST ACTIVITY AND CRIMINAL PROTECTION   Vladimir M. Cvetkovic, The Academy of Criminalistic and Police studies, Belgrade, Serbia, vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs Ivica Mladjovic Center for basic police training in Sremska Kamenica Abstract: The world was under the influence of high power energy, dirty technologies, the arms race, war and terrorist activities. In addition, in the world there are large quantities of nuclear weapons various strength and power, which continues to pile up and improves with continued expansion of countries that possess these weapons. Terrorist groups can attack buildings and institutions for producing nuclear energy and nuclear weapons only in the production, transport and storage. Bearing in mind the consequences and destructiveness of nuclear weapons is potentially the most lethal weapon that terrorist groups may be used in the implementation of violence to achieve goals. One of the most important tools in the protection of nuclear weapons is legal regulation, both at global and national levels. In this paper, the authors discuss two groups of issues. The first part is treated the concept and characteristics of nuclear weapons, as well as assumptions of its misuse for terrorist purposes. The second part is devoted to the legal regulation and protection of the criminal misuse of nuclear weapons for terrorist purposes. Keywords: security, emergency situations, disaster, terrorism, nuclear weapons, criminal protection. Апстракт: Свет се нашао под утицајем енергије разорне моћи, застареле и прљаве технологије, трке у наоружању, ратних дејстава и терористичких активности. При […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The Role of the Police of Montenegro in Combating Fan Hooliganism

Janković, B., Cvetković, V., Ivanov, A. (2023). The role of the police of Montenegro in combating fan hooliganism. International scientific conference, Macedonia… International scientific conference, Macedonia. International scientific conference, Macedonia.  Bojan Janković University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia Alexander Ivanov Faculty of Security, University of Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia Vladimir M. Cvetkovic Faculty of Security Studies, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Belgrade, Serbia   Abstract: In recent years, hooligan incidents in Montenegro have become more frequent and violent. Hooliganism at sports events is becoming recognized as a serious problem by citizens, legislators, and other state institutions. Violence at sports events in Montenegro exists, but it still does not represent a major security problem. States deal with this security problem in different ways, primarily by passing appropriate regulations, but in solving this problem in all states, the police seem to play a primary role. In recent years, we have witnessed a proactive approach by the police to this problem. This is precisely where the lack of the Montenegrin police, which has good police units that act repressively on hooligan outbursts, can be seen. However, the Montenegrin police do not have narrowly specialized units dealing exclusively with this problem, which will collect and exchange information about hooligans, as well as the National Office for the Exchange of Information on the Security of Football Competitions (NFIP), which is a prerequisite for the establishment and successful international cooperation in this field. field. The research presented and analyzed statistical data in the period 2018-2021. year, which refers to the actions of the Montenegrin police during the security of public gatherings, especially sports events. Based on them, it can be concluded that the Montenegrin police play a significant role in opposing fan hooliganism. Members of the […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Comparative Analysis of Disaster Risk Management Systems in Germany, USA, Russia And China

Cvetković, V., Andrić, K., Ivanov, A. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Disaster Risk Management Systems in Germany, USA, Russia And China. Macedonia. International academic conference, Temporary security ripples or new world architecture of security, Dojran, N. Macedonia, September 4-7 2023. Research article Vladimir M. Cvetković, 1,2,3,*, Katarina Andrić3 1 Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia 2 International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia; 3 Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.A) – kacaandr@gmail.com; Abstract: The uniqueness of each system stems from the fact that the risks of disasters are specific and that their presence and manifestation are not universal and the same for every country. Just as no country is the same in all other segments, their disaster risk management systems are unequal. The paper describes the systems in four different countries, through observation and comparison of four areas of activity that are implemented in dealing with disasters. First of all, in the paper, the legal basis and institutional frameworks on which these systems rest in each of the countries were considered – starting from the international level and guidelines given at international conferences, to all by-laws and local disaster activity plans. It was considered how each of the states implements risk mitigation activities and how it increases preparedness for them. When the system recognizes risks, their probability and the frequency of their occurrence, activities are planned to prepare the country and every individual in it for a potentially unwanted event. Differences in the ways of mitigating risks and preparing all elements of the system and protected values for disasters are presented. The third element of action in the event of disasters concerns the response. In this segment, questions are raised regarding institutional solutions […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The Role of Social Media in the Process of Informing the Public About Disaster Risks

Cvetkovic, V. M. ., Nikolic, A., & Ivanov, A. (2023). The role of social media in the process of informing the public about disaster risks. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 9(2), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2392121c. In SCOPUS – Q3 – Political science and International Relations. Research article The Role of Social Media in the Process of Informing the Public About Disaster Risks   Vladimir M. Cvetković, 1,2,3,*, Aleksandra Nikolić3 1 Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia 2 International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia; 3 Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia Abstract: Social media informs the public about the most important events and conveys important information. Before, during and after disasters, social media are used to disseminate information about disasters and to collect data relevant to the implementation of preparedness, response and recovery activities and measures. Social networks are effective in disseminating information and warnings, as well as in educating the public. The subject of the research is examining the influence of demographic factors on the effectiveness of social media in informing the public about the risks of disasters. Using an online survey questionnaire, and according to the snowball principle, a survey of 247 respondents was conducted in 2022. The research results show no statistically significant relationship between the level of education of the respondents and the assessment of the effectiveness of social media reporting on disasters. The use of social media can improve communication between stakeholders in disaster management and facilitate coordination of efforts, fostering communication and allocation of resources. To effectively use social media in disaster management, decision-makers in the disaster management system must be aware of new technologies, their disadvantages and advantages, as well as ways in which data from social […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

The role of the police of Montenegro in combating fan hooliganism

The role of the police of Montenegro in combating fan hooliganism  Bojan Janković University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia Vladimir M. Cvetkovic Faculty of Security Studies, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Belgrade, Serbia Aleksandar Ivanov Faculty of Security, University of Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia Abstract: In recent years, hooligan incidents in Montenegro have become more frequent and violent. Hooliganism at sports events is becoming recognized as a serious problem by citizens, legislators, and other state institutions. Violence at sports events in Montenegro exists, but it still does not represent a major security problem. States deal with this security problem in different ways, primarily by passing appropriate regulations, but in solving this problem in all states, the police seem to play a primary role. In recent years, we have witnessed a proactive approach by the police to this problem. This is precisely where the lack of the Montenegrin police, which has good police units that act repressively on hooligan outbursts, can be seen. However, the Montenegrin police do not have narrowly specialized units dealing exclusively with this problem, which will collect and exchange information about hooligans, as well as the National Office for the Exchange of Information on the Security of Football Competitions (NFIP), which is a prerequisite for the establishment and successful international cooperation in this field. field. The research presented and analyzed statistical data in the period 2018-2021. year, which refers to the actions of the Montenegrin police during the security of public gatherings, especially sports events. Based on them, it can be concluded that the Montenegrin police play a significant role in opposing fan hooliganism. Members of the police in Montenegro are adequately prepared to oppose fan hooliganism, as far as repressive actions are concerned. All of the […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Examining the Impact of Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors on the Level of Employee Preparedness for a Disaster Caused by Fires: A Case Study of Electrical Power Distribution in Serbia

Cvetković, V., Marković, K. (2021). Examining the impact of demographic and socio-economic factors on the level of employee preparedness for a disaster caused by fires: A case study of Electrical power distribution in Serbia. International Scientific Conference 30 Years of Independent Macedonian State 13-15 September 2021, Ohrid. Vladimir M. Cvetković 12,*, Kristina Marković3, 1   Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Belgrade, Serbia. 3   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Belgrade, Serbia; krisbleka93@gmail.com.   *  Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs; Abstract This paper presents the results of quantitative research regarding the examination of the levels of efficiency of the fire protection system and the training of employees in Electrical power distribution of Serbia for fire protection, ie the analysis of the manner of implementation of fire protection measures, and determining whether these measures are adequately applied. Following the subject set in this way, the aim of the research was set, and that is the scientific analysis of the manner of application of fire protection measures. The results of this research showed that the employees of Electro distribution Belgrade perceive the preparedness of their company highly positively and certain socio-demographic characteristics also affect certain attitudes, especially those related to the experience with fire, the knowledge of employees to react in case of fire, and the choice of the appropriate response, assessment of the readiness of the company and the employees themselves. It was found that knowledge of how to react in case of fire is influenced by gender and level of education; the choice of one of the methods of action in case of fire is influenced by gender; the assessment of the readiness of the employees themselves is influenced by the marital status; the […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Information Systems and Disaster Risk Management

Cvetković, V., & Filipović, M. (2017). Information systems and disaster risk management. Paper presented at the International scientific and professional conference – 40 years of higher education in the field of security – Theory and Practice, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. 1281-1295. Challenges of Crisis management, At 24, 25 and 26 May 2017. Vladimir M. Cvetković[1] Marina Filipović[2] Abstract Disaster risk management is nowadays hard to imagine without appropriate information systems that facilitate the decision-making process in phases before, during, and after the disaster. In the face of disasters, decision makers must look at and analyze various information on hazard characteristics such as nature, power, intensity, while on the other hand they must take timely measures to achieve a short-term and long-term recovery of the community from the consequences of such events. Certainly, the spatial dimension of disasters has a decisive importance in terms of rapid addressing the resulting consequences and preventing the further spread of harmful effects of various disasters. In the paper, the authors describe the existing information systems, their characteristics and ways of applying in the process of disaster risk management. In addition, special attention is paid to the description and the way of using geographic information systems as well as remote detection and satellite recording. Also, the role and significance of social media systems and interactive simulation and visulation for modern disaster risk management are examined. Keywords: disaster, risk, management, information systems, GIS. 1. INTRODUCTION   In the process of disaster risk management, which is increasingly more frequent and disruptive, people have continuously improved their tactics and techniques of mitigating or preventing them. Not long ago, people around the world began to realize that the national reference values ​​of the countries are more endangered by the consequences of natural disasters than conventional wars. Excessive use of advanced […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Risk Management of Natural Disasters: Concepts and Methods

Cvetković, V., & Filipović, M. (2017). Risk management of natural disasters: Concepts and Methods. International Scientific Conference “New directions and challenges in transforming societies through a multidisciplinary approach” 6th June, 2017, MIT University, City Gallery, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. Vladimir M. Cvetković, PhDa[1], Marina Filipovićb a Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia bFaculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia avmc@fb.bg.ac.rs bfmarina@fb.bg.ac.rs Abstract The concept of risk has been a topic of interest for researchers from different disciplines in the past fifty years. For these reasons, there are many definitions of risk which reflect the scientific discipline itself from which they originated. Managing risks of natural disasters is very complex and conditioned by the existence of well-defined and elaborated management model that will allow efficient and prompt elimination of consequences. Certainly, understanding of the perception of risk is essential for the management prosess. Namely, individuals diferently perceive risks of natural disasters due to their demographic, socio-economic and psychological characteristics. Thereby, there are various methods of risk evaluation, which are conditioned by scientific-disciplinary approach, origin and size of risks. Starting from the multi-dimensionality of risks of natural disasters, authors firstly analyze the theoretical determination of risk through the lens of different disciplines and perspectives with special emphasis on the types of risks. In addition, special attention is given to consideration of the risk management process through generally accepted models, methods and methodology of risk assessment in Serbia. Also, the paper gives an overview of the most important approaches to risks of natural disasters in social sciences. Keywords: disaster, risks, management, concepts and methods. Introduction Identification of hazards is the first step in the process of risk management. Such a process involves a description of the community, specific information about […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Household supplies for natural disasters: factors of influence on the possession of supplies

Cvetković, V., Gačić, J., & Jakovljević, V. (2017). Household supplies for a natural disaster: factor of influence on the possession of supplies. The 8th International Scientific Conference, Security concepts and policies – new generation of risks and threats, at Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia 4 – 5 June 2017. Vladimir M. Cvetković, Ph.D., vladimirkpa@gmail.com Jasmina Gačić, Ph.D., jgacic@sezampro.rs Vladimir Jakovljević, Ph.D., vjakov@fb.bg.ac.rs University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Gospodara Vucica 50, 11040 Belgrade   Purpose – The paper presents the results of the quantitative research of the impact of certain factors on household possession of supplies necessary for the survival of the consequences of natural disasters. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative research was conducted by using a survey strategy in households with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The first step, which was related to the primary sampling units included selection of parts of the community for conducting research. The second step, which was related to research cores, included selection of streets or parts of streets at the level of primary sampling units and finally selection of households for surveying 2500 citizens in 19 local communities. Findings – It was found that only 24.6% of respondents have supplies, while 61.5% have no supplies for surviving natural disasters. On the other hand, 37.2% of respondents possess supplies of food for 4 days, while only 12% have supplies of food for 1 day. It was found that 17.6% of the respondents have a transistor radio, 40% flashlight, 40.6% shovel, 25.8% hack, 33.6% hoe and spade, and 13.2% Fire extinguisher. The results of inferential statistical analyses show that there is a statistically significant influence of gender, education, marital status, parenthood, employment, income level, level of religiosity, completed military service on having supplies to survive the consequences of natural disasters. On the other hand, there […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Informing Citizens About Emergency Situations: Influencing Factors and Modalities

Cvetković, V., & Filipović, M. (2017). Informing citizens about emergency situations: influencing factors and modalities. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference, Crisis management days: Security environment and challenges of crisis management, 24, 25 and 26 May 2017. Informing citizens about emergency situations: influence factors and modalities Abstract: The aim of this quantitative research is to provide a scientific explanation of the influence of various factors on the modalities of informing citizens about emergency situations. Special attention has been given to examining the influence of the following factors on information dissemination: gender, age, education, marital status, employment status, parenthood, risk perception, and previous experience. The study was conducted in 2015 using a multi-stage random sampling method, surveying 2,500 citizens across 19 local communities in Serbia. The descriptive statistical analysis revealed that the majority of citizens (58.9%) received information about emergency situations through television, followed by 31.7% through newspapers, 31.2% via household discussions, 28.7% through the Internet, 15.7% via radio broadcasts, 14.3% in schools, and 12% within the family. The inferential statistical analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between television as a primary source of information and factors such as gender, marital status, and employment status. In contrast, radio broadcasts as a source of information were significantly associated with education and previous experience. Furthermore, newspapers and the Internet as information sources were significantly influenced by gender, education, and marital status. Examining the modalities of informing citizens about emergency situations is of great scientific and social importance. The research findings can greatly influence the selection of the most appropriate communication channels for different categories of citizens. The originality of this research lies in its investigation of the untested state of emergency communication strategies in Serbia, aiming to identify optimal methods for informing citizens about emergency situations. Key words: security, emergency, information, facts, people. Informiranje građana o izvanrednim situacijama: […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Fires as a Threatening Security Phenomenon: Factors Influencing Knowledge About Fires

Cvetković, V., & Gačić, J. (2017). Fires as threatening security phenomenon: factors of influence on knowledge about fires. Paper presented at the Conference: 10th International Conference “Crisis management days” – security environment and challenges of crisis management, At 24, 25 and 26 May 2017. Fires as threatening security phenomenon: factors influence of knowledge about fires Vladimir M. Cvetković, PhD Jasmina Gačić, PhD The University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Beograd  Abstract: This paper presents the results of a quantitative study examining the factors that influence students’ knowledge and perceptions of fire as a security threat. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 3,063 students from 13 secondary schools in Belgrade were surveyed. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that while 95.4% of respondents claimed to know what a fire is, only 63.6% actually demonstrated accurate knowledge. Additionally, only 57.1% of students would react appropriately in a fire-related emergency. Inferential statistical analysis showed that students’ perceived knowledge about fires was significantly influenced by gender, parents’ education level, parents’ employment status, and sources of information such as television, the Internet, and video games. In contrast, objective knowledge about fires was affected by gender, parents’ education level, and information received via television, radio, and the Internet. Finally, the study found that knowledge of the correct response in the event of a fire was not significantly influenced by gender or television-based information. However, it was affected by age, parents’ education level, parents’ employment status, and information obtained via the Internet, video games, and radio. Enhancing students’ security awareness and fire safety culture can significantly mitigate the consequences of fire-related incidents. The findings of this research provide a valuable foundation for developing educational programs on fire safety for students. Keywords: security, natural disasters, fire, factors, students, Serbia. Požari kao ugrožavajuća pojava sigurnosti: čimbenici utjecaja na znanje o požarima   […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Influence of Households’ Distance on Flood Disaster Preparedness in Serbia

Cvetković, V., & Ivanov, A. (2016). Uticaj udaljenosti naselja od reke na spremnost građana za reagovanje na poplave u Republici Srbiji. Deveta međunarodna znastveno-stručna konferencija ,,Dani kriznog upravljanja”, Veleučilište Velika Gorica, Hrvatska, 12-13 aprila, Split, UDK 351.77:37.014(497.1), 37.014(497.1):504.4, 169-176. Influence of households distance on flood disaster preparedness in Serbia  Vladimir M. Cvetković, PhD The Academy of Criminalistics and Police studies, Belgrade, Serbia, Aleksandar Ivanov, PhD Faculty of Security – Skopje, Macedonia Summary: The aim of quantitative research is to examine the impact of distance households on the preparedness of citizens to respond to a natural disaster caused by the flood in the Republic of Serbia. Bearing in mind all local communities in Serbia where floods occurred or there is a high risk of flooding, randomly it was selected sample consisting 19 of 150 municipalities and 23 towns and the city of Belgrade. In selected communities research was undertaken in those areas that were most affected in relation to the amount of water or potential risk of flooding. The survey used strategy  of testing in households with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The survey results indicate that:  people who live in a households up to 2 km away from sources of potential flooding for the most part taken preventive measures in order to reduce the financial consequences, thinking about the readiness encourage them heavy rains, they know what’s floods, familiar security response procedures. In contrast, people who live in the household over 10 km away from sources of potential flooding in the slightest degree taken preventive measures in order to reduce the financial consequences, would be engaged in one of the reception centers for victim assistance floods, to reflect on the readiness encourage them fixed rain. The originality of the research lies in the fact that in Serbia it has […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Knowledge and Perception of High School Students in Belgrade About Epidemics

Cvetković, V., & Ivanov, A. (2016). Analiza faktora uticaja na znanje i percepciju učenika srednjih škola u Beogradu o epidemijama. Deveta međunarodna znastveno-stručna konferencija ,,Dani kriznog upravljanja”, Veleučilište Velika Gorica, Hrvatska, 12-13 aprila, Split, UDK 351.862.21(497.1):627.512, 614.81(497.1):627.512, 859-868. Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Knowledge and Perception of High School Students in Belgrade About Epidemics Vladimir M. Cvetković Criminalistic-Police Academy, Belgrade Aleksandar Ivanov Faculty of Security, Skopje Abstract The aim of this quantitative research is to determine the level and influencing factors on the perception and actual knowledge of high school students in the territory of the City of Belgrade regarding epidemics as a natural disaster. The study employs a survey method to identify and describe the factors that influence students’ knowledge and perception of epidemics. From the total population of high school students in Belgrade (65,561 students), a sample of 3,548 students was drawn for research purposes, representing 5.4% of the population. Out of 101 high schools in Belgrade, 13 were randomly selected. The research results show that students’ knowledge about epidemics is statistically significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by: gender, age, father’s and mother’s education level, and academic success; their perception is influenced by: gender, father’s and mother’s education level, academic success, parents’ employment status, and school education; and their knowledge of safety response procedures is influenced by: age, father’s and mother’s education level, and school education. The study covers the City of Belgrade, so its conclusions can be generalized only to the population of high school students in this geographical area. Given the evident lack of education on natural disasters in Serbia, the research results can be utilized in the creation of educational program strategies, contributing to the improvement of youth safety culture and, consequently, their overall security. Keywords safety, natural disasters, epidemics, high school students in […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Protection of Critical Infrastructure from Natural Disasters

Cvetković, V. (2014). Protection of critical infrastructure from the consequences of natural disasters. Seventh international scientific and professional conference “Crisis Management Days”. Croatia: Velika Gorica, May 22 and 23, 1281-1295, 2014. Protection of Critical Infrastructure from Natural Disasters Vladimir M. Cvetković Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies, Belgrade vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs Abstract The protection of critical infrastructure is one of the key measures for mitigating the consequences of natural disasters. As such, it is recognized as a fundamental component in maintaining the functionality of society during emergencies. It can be stated that the primary goal of protecting critical infrastructure from the impact of natural disasters is to ensure continuity in its functioning. Reducing the impact of natural disasters on people and critical infrastructure involves interventions aimed at preventing or minimizing the risk of physical damage and social disruption. There are two dominant types of disaster impact reduction: structural and non-structural measures. Structural mitigation involves the design, construction, maintenance, and renovation of physical structures and infrastructure to withstand the physical forces and impacts of natural disasters. Non-structural mitigation includes efforts to reduce the exposure of the human population, physical structures, and infrastructure to hazardous conditions. Non-structural mitigation approaches include: Legally enforced urban planning measures that consider potential disaster impacts, Regulating development in high-risk areas such as slopes prone to landslides and coastal zones vulnerable to storm surges, In some cases, relocating communities or parts of communities away from high-risk zones. This paper analyzes the possibilities for protecting critical infrastructure from the direct and indirect consequences of natural disasters, with a special focus on structural and non-structural protective measures. Additionally, particular attention is given to the phenomenological structure of different types of natural disasters and their consequences for critical infrastructure. Zaštita kritične infrastrukture od prirodnih katastrofa  Vladimir M. Cvetković Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, Beograd, vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs   […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Religiousness level and citizen preparedness for natural disasters

Cvetković, V., Gačić, J., & Babić, S. (2017). Religiousness level and citizen preparedness for natural disasters. Vojno delo, 69(4), 253-262.   Vladimir M. Cvetković*, Slađana Babić** and Jasmina Gačić** The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade* Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade** Abstract: The subject of quantitative research was examination relationship between the level of religiousness and perception of citizen’s flood disaster preparedness. The aim of such research was a scientific explanation of relationships of these characteristics and perception. Bearing in mind all local communities in Serbia where floods occurred or there is a high risk of flooding, randomly it was selected sample consisting 19 of 150 municipalities and 23 towns, as well as the city of Belgrade, in which was surveyed 2,500 persons in 2015. The research included following communities: Obrenovac, Šabac, Kruševac, Kragujevac, Sremska Mitrovica, Priboj, Batočina, Svilajnac, Lapovo, Paraćin, Smederevska Palanka, Jaša Tomić, Loznica, Bajina Basta, Smederevo, Novi Sad, Kraljevo, Rekovac and Užice. Selected communities research was undertaken in those areas which  were most affected in relation to the amount of water or potential risk of flooding. The survey used strategy of testing in households with the use of a multi-stage random sample. In the first stage were determined the parts in the administrative headquarters which were threatened by a hundred-year-old water or by a potential risk of high water. In the second stage streets and their parts were established, and in the third stage were determined the households in which the survey was conducted. The number of households was coordinated with the size of the community. The fourth stage of sampling referred to the procedure of respondent selection within previously defined household. The respondent selection was conducted using the random sampling method on the adult household members who were present at the time of […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure to Natural Disasters

Mijalković, S., Cvetković, V. (2013). Vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure by Natural Disasters. Belgrade, National Critical Infrastructure Protection, Regional Perspective, 2013, 91-102, ISBN 978-86-84069-84-1, UDC 726.9:75.041.5 ID 176374796. Saša Mijalković The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, sasa.mijalkovic@kpa.edu.rs Vladimir Cvetković The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs  Abstract: Natural disasters increasingly threaten the safety of the mankind. Not only that, in past decades there has been an obvious increase in the number of natural disasters, but it is also present an increase in their destructiveness. This results in a higher loss of life, material and non-material damage. In addition, compromising critical infrastructure prevents or limits the implementation of vital state functions (governance, health, education, energy, economic, social, and general security functions), which is further reflected in the safety of states and citizens. Despite the technological development of mankind, societies are increasingly threatened. It is clear that the disasters and their impact on people and critical infrastructure cannot be prevented, but mechanisms for prediction and early warning of disasters can be improved that the resilience and capacity for faster and more efficient revitalization of endangered values ​​and goods can be increased. Besides the degree of destruction, the response strategy in an emergency situation will depend on the type of disaster, but also on the kind of critical infrastructure and specific goods and values ​​that are threatened. In this regard, the paper gives an overview of the scope and the content of (still undetermined) concept of critical infrastructure, the term and the phenomenology of natural disasters, the consequences of geophysical, hydrological and meteorological disasters on critical infrastructure and critical infrastructure protection capabilities against natural disasters. Keywords: safety, critical infrastructure, natural disasters, the consequences of threats to critical infrastructure by natural disasters, protection of critical infrastructure from natural disasters.  1 INTRODUCTION […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Management of Terrorist Emergency Situations Caused by the Use of Hazardous Materials

Cvetković, V. (2014). Upravljanje u terorističkim vanrednim situacijama izazvanim upotrebom opasnih materija (Management of Terrorist Emergency Situations Caused by the Use of Hazardous Materials). Naučna konferencija: sigurnost urbanih sredina. Eldan Mujanović. Sarajevo, Fakultet za kriminalistiku, kriminologiju i sigurnosne studije: 63-72. Vladimir M. Cvetković Criminalistic-Police Academy, Belgrade, vladimir.cvetkovic@kpa.edu.rs Abstract Hazardous materials are an inevitable companion of modern times, and their diversity is particularly evident when analyzing their potential use in terrorism, which could trigger a serious emergency situation. Naturally, radioactive, explosive, flammable, toxic substances, and biological agents, by their very nature, constitute hazardous materials that can be easily utilized for such purposes. The effective elimination of the consequences in such emergency situations largely depends on the mutual cooperation and coordination of emergency response services, as well as support from the broader community. Generally speaking, there is no single emergency response service that can, independently and solely with its own capacities and resources, provide an adequate response. It is, therefore, necessary to establish an efficient operational structure, i.e., an emergency management system that will adequately respond to all needs on-site. In terrorist emergencies, there will be a need to establish strategic, tactical, and operational levels of organization. This paper does not analyze the strategic level but focuses on the tactical and operational levels of emergency response services. Accordingly, the author describes the organization and mutual coordination of emergency response services, following the “8-step procedure”: Management and control of the affected area; Problem identification; Hazard and risk assessment; Selection of personal protective clothing and equipment; Information flow control and resource coordination; Implementation of priority actions; Decontamination and cleanup of the site; Conclusion of the emergency situation. Finally, the paper highlights potential risks to the lives and health of emergency responders during the mitigation of the consequences, with a special focus on protective measures. […]

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Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Cvetković – Disaster Risk Management

Information-Logistics Systems and Databases Important for Integrated Disaster Management

Information-Logistics Systems and Databases Important for Integrated Disaster Management Vladimir M. Cvetković123*, Jelena Planić23, Tamara Ivković23, Sofija Radojković23, Milica Stefanović23, Nemanja Miljković23 1   Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs 2   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Belgrade, Serbia 3   International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, Belgrade, Serbia.   *  Correspondence: vmc@fb.bg.ac.rs.   Abstract: Difficulties in the disaster management process are caused by many factors such as the complexity and fast-spreading harmful effects of hazards, lack of timely and accurate information, difficulty in making key decisions, inability to assess the situation in a short time, complexity of managing necessary resources, etc. For these reasons, effective disaster response is conditioned by the availability of a variety of data stored in numerous international and national databases that can be used in real time. In addition, decision makers are forced to use a variety of information systems and tools that allow them to make quick and accurate calculations in order to make appropriate decisions in a particular situation. Guided by this, the authors, using the method of content analysis and literature review, identify, analyze and comprehensively systematize and describe the significant characteristics of such databases and information systems. The aim of this paper is the scientific description of information and logistics systems and databases that are important for disaster management. The scientific significance of the paper is reflected in the systematization of scientific knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of using information systems and databases on disasters. In contrast, the social implications of the paper are reflected in informing competent services about the existence and possibilities of using information systems and databases in specific cases of disaster management. Keywords: security, disasters, management, databases, information systems, logistics systems.  

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